Schlafverhalten bei Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson

  • W. Greulich
  • D. Schäfer
  • W. -M. Georg
  • Marianne E. Schläfke
Article

Zusammenfassung

Ein- und Durchschlafstörungen sind bei Parkinsonpatienten häufig beklagte Beschwerden. Die Ursachen sind multifaktoriell. Sie werden u. a. durch den neurodegenerativen Prozeß, durch motorische Einschränkungen in der Nacht, durch die Medikation sowie durch schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen hervorgerufen. 22 mittelschwer betroffene Parkinsonpatienten und zwei Patienten mit Steele-Richardson-Olzsewski-Syndrom (progressive supranukleäre Blickparese, PSP) wurden im Rahmen dieser Studie in mindestens zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Nächten polysomnographischen Gesamtnachtschlafableitungen unterzogen. Bei den Parkinsonpatienten wurden lange Wachzeiten in der Nacht, eine verzögerte REM-Schlaf-Latenz, verminderte Tiefschlafanteile bei Reduktion der Deltaaktivität beobachtet. 11 von 21 Patienten wiesen eine schlafbezogene Atmungsstörung auf, von einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit konnten jedoch nur zwei von 5 Patienten, die auf nCPAP eingestellt wurden, berichten. Patienten, die abendlich retardierte L-Dopa-Präparate erhielten, wiesen als Gruppe im Mittel eine geringere Fragmentierung und niedrigere Gesamtwachzeiten im Vergleich zu den übrigen auf. Unter Clozapin konnte bei einem Patienten ebenfalls eine Verbesserung des Schlafes mit Zunahme von REM- und Tiefschlaf gesehen werden. Ausgeprägte Hyposomnien mit weitgehendem Tief- und REM-Schlaf-Verlust kennzeichneten den Schlaf der PSP-Patienten. Die Optimierung der Parkinsonmedikation sollte an erster Stelle der Behandlung von Schlafstörungen bei Parkinsonsyndromen stehen. Die Therapie zusätzlich auftretender schlafbezogener Atmungsstörungen hatte nicht den subjektiven Erfolg wie bei ansonsten gesunden Patienten.

Schlüsselwörter

REM-Schlaf-Latenz Steele-Richardson-Olszewski-Syndrom obstruktives Schlafapnoe-Syndrom L-Dopa Clozapin 

Sleep behaviour in patients with Parkinson's disease

Summary

Many patients suffering from Parkinson's disease claim about sleep disruptions. These difficulties may result from a degeneration of sleep modulating structures within the brain stem, they may be caused by the motor disorders or may be related to drug treatment.

We assessed whole-night polysomnographic measurements in 22 Parkinson patients (PD) and two patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski-Syndrome). The latter showed extreme hyposomnia with prolonged awakenings and lack of REM sleep. In PD patients we found sleep fragmentations, long REM sleep latencies and a reduction of REM and slow wave sleep. Sleep disordered breathing occurred in 11 of 21 patients, but only 2 of 5 reported about subjective benefit from nasal CPAP. Sustained-release L-Dopa medication or clozapine seemed more likely to improve subjective sleep quality and polysomnographic data. We conclude that in the therapy of sleep disorders in PD patients first of all the administration of drugs in the evening or night has to be optimized. The treatment of sleep disordered breathing with nCPAP was not perceived by these patients as beneficial as in patients without parkinsonism.

Key-words

REM-sleep latency progressive supranuclear palsy obstructive sleep apnea sustained-release L-Dopa clozapine 

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Copyright information

© Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag 1998

Authors and Affiliations

  • W. Greulich
    • 1
    • 3
  • D. Schäfer
    • 1
    • 3
    • 2
  • W. -M. Georg
    • 1
    • 2
  • Marianne E. Schläfke
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Institut für SchlafphysiologieUniversität Witten/Herdecke, Klinik AmbrockHagen
  2. 2.Abteilung für angewandte PhysiologieRuhr-Universität BochumBochum
  3. 3.Klinik AmbrockKlinik für Neurologie (Universität Witten/Herdecke)Hagen

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