Plant Biotechnology Reports

, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp 37–48 | Cite as

Diversity in plant red pigments: anthocyanins and betacyanins

Review Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Plant pigments are of interest for research into questions of basic biology as well as for purposes of applied biology. Red colors in flowers are mainly produced by two types of pigments: anthocyanins and betacyanins. Though anthocyanins are broadly distributed among plants, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. Red plant pigments are good indicator metabolites for evolutionary studies of plant diversity as well as for metabolic studies of plant cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and betacyanins and the possible mechanisms underlying the mutual exclusion of betalains and anthocyanins based on the regulation of the biosynthesis of these red pigments.

Keywords

Anthocyanins Betacyanins Molecular mechanism of biosynthesis Secondary metabolism Evolution of metabolism 
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Copyright information

© Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology and Springer Japan 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Biological SciencesOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan

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