Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

, Volume 33, Issue 4, pp 1103–1111 | Cite as

Drought effects on polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities in aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L.

  • Iness Bettaieb
  • Ibtissem Hamrouni-Sellami
  • Soumaya Bourgou
  • Ferid Limam
  • Brahim Marzouk
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Salvia officinalis L. is a medicinal plant containing several compounds with important pharmacological activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of water deficit (moderate and severe water deficits) on the contents of total and individual polyphenols of the aerial parts. Also, we studied the effect of drought on the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts. Our results showed that water deficiency, as estimated by the decrease in water potential, resulted in a reduction of the biomass, plant height and total chlorophyll contents. In general, drought increased the level of total and individual polyphenols and this increase was more pronounced under moderate water deficit. These findings suggest that S. Officinalis is a sensitive species and that a severe water deficit could result in a decline in the activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. On the other hand, our results showed an enhancement of reducing power and the radical scavenging activity as assessed using the DPPH assay with increasing stress severity. Finally, the evaluation of the chelating capacity of the extracts was found to be altered significantly under severe treatment by 39.71%. Based on these results, it seems that drought tolerance of S. officinalis is related to the capacity of the plant to modulate its phenolics in order to face to oxidative stress caused by water limiting conditions.

Keywords

Salvia officinalis L. Drought Growth Polyphenols Antioxidant 

Abbreviations

C

Control

MWD

Moderate water deficit

SWD

Severe water deficit

FC

Field capacity

BHT

Butylhydroxytoluene

HCl

Chloridric acid

IC50

The half maximal inhibitory concentration

EC50

The half maximal effective concentration

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

DW

Dry weight

FW

Fresh weight

DPPH

2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

GAE

Gallic acid equivalent

K3Fe

(CN)6 Potassium ferricyanide

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Abreu IN, Mazzafera P (2005) Effect of water and temperature stress on the content of active constituents of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy. Plant Physiol Biochem 43:241–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Ali RM, Abbas HM (2003) Reponse of salt stress barley seedlings to phenylurea. Plant Soil Environ 49:158–162Google Scholar
  3. Arnon D (1949) Copper enzymes isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxydase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Ayaz FA, Kadioglu A, Turgut R (2000) Water stress effects on the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates and phenolic acids in Ctenanthe setose (Rosc.) Eichler. Can J Plant Sci 80:373–378CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Bettaieb I, Zakhama N, Aidi Wannes W, Kchouk ME, Marzouk B (2009) Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Sci Hort 120:271–275CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Bilger W, Veit M, Schreiber L, Schreiber U (1997) Measurement of leaf epidermal transmittance of UV radiation by chlorophyll fluorescence. Physiol Plant 101:754–763CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Bor M, Özdemir F, Türkan I (2003) The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritima L. Plant Sci 164:77–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Bouyoucos (1983) Les propriétés physiques du sol de′pendent de sa texture et de sa structure, Les Bases de la Production Végétale, tome 1, Collection sciences et techniques agricoles, Bressuire, pp 67–87Google Scholar
  9. Briekson C, Dömling HJ (1969) Carnosic acid as an antioxidant in rosemary and sage leaves. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 141:10–16Google Scholar
  10. Bruneton J (1999) (Ed.), Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants, 2nd edn. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris, pp 540–544Google Scholar
  11. Camacho-Cristobal JJ, Lunar L, Lafont F, Baumert A, Gonzalez-Fontes A (2004) Boron deficiency causes accumulation of chlorogenic acid and caffeol polyamine conjugates in tobacco leaves. J Plant Physiol 161:879–881PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Chipault JR, Mizuno GR, Lundberg WO (1956) The antioxidant properties of spices in foods. Food Technol 10:209–211Google Scholar
  13. Collakova E, Dellapenna D (2003) The role of homogentisate phytyltransferase and other tochopherol pathway enzymes in the regulation of tocopherol synthesis during abiotic stress. Plant Physiol 133:930–940PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Berset C (1996) Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary. JAOCS 73:645–652CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Dapkevicius A, Venskutonis R, Van Beek TA, Linssen JPH (1998) Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained by different isolation procedures from some aromatic herbs grown in Lithuania. J Sci Food Agric 77:140–146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. del Bano MJ, Lorente J, Castillo J, Benavente-Garcia O, del Rio JA, Ortuno A, Quirin KW, Gerard D (2003) Phenolic diterpenes, flavones, and rosmarinic acid distribution during the development of leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of Rosmarinus officinalis. Antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem 51:4247–4253PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Del Moral R (1972) On the variability of chlorogenic acid concentration. Oecologia 9:289–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Dewanto VX, Wu K, Adom K, Liu RH (2002) Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem 50:3010–3014PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Dixon RA, Paiva NL (1995) Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7:1085–1097PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Foyer CH, Lelandais M, Kunert KJ (1994) Photooxidative stress in plants. Physiol Plant 92:696–717CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Giorgi A, Mingozzi M, Madeo M, Speranza G, Cocucci M (2009) Effect of nitrogen starvation on the phenolic metabolism and antioxidant properties of yarrow (Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb). Food Chem 14:204–211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Gitz DC, Lui-Gitz L, McClure JW, Huerta AJ (2004) Effects of PAL inhibitor on phenol accumulation and UV-B tolerance in Spirodela intermedia (Koch.). J Exp Bot 55:919–927PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Grace S (2005) Phenolics as antioxidants. In: Smirnoff N (ed) Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in plants. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 141–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Hanato H, Kagawa T, Yasuhara T (1988) Two new flavonoids and other constituents in licorice root their relative astringency and radical scavenging effect. Chem Pharm Bull 36:1090–1097Google Scholar
  25. Hermann K (1981) The antioxidative action of spices. Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch 77:134–139Google Scholar
  26. Hernandez I, Alegre L, Munne-Bosch S (2004) Drought-induced changes in flavonoids and other low molecular-weight antioxidants in Cistus clusii grown under Mediterranean field conditions. Tree Physiol 24:1303–1311PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Hu C, Zhang Y, Kitts DD (2000) Evaluation of antioxidant and prooxidant activities of bamboo Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis leaf extract in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 48:3170–3176PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Huang YC, Chang YH, Shao YY (2006) Effects of genotype and treatment on the antioxidant activity of sweet potato in Taiwan. Food Chem 98:529–538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Hura T, Hura K, Grzesiak S (2008) Contents of total phenolics and ferulic acid, and PAL activity during water potential changes in leaves of maize single-cross hybrids of different drought tolerance. J Agron Crop Sci 194:104–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Kacperska A (1993) Water potential alteration—a prerequisite or a triggering stimulus for the development of freezing tolerance in overwintering herbaceous plants. In: Li PH, Christerson L (eds) Advances in plant cold hardiness. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 73–91Google Scholar
  31. Kiani SP, Maury P, Sarrafi A, Grieuu A (2008) QTL analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plant Sci 175:565–573CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Kim HJ, Chen F, Wang X, Choi JH (2006) Effect of methyl jasmonate on phenolics, isothiocyanate, and metabolic enzymes in radish sprout (Raphanus sativus L.). J Agric Food Chem 54:7263–7269PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Kim HJ, Fonseca JM, Choi JH, Kubota C, Kwon DY (2008) Salt in irrigation water affects the nutritional and visual properties of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J Agric Food Chem 56:3772–3776PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Ksouri R, Megdiche W, Debez A, Falleh H, Grignon C, Abdelly C (2007) Salinity effects on polyphenol content and antioxidant activities in leaves of the halophyte Cakile maritima. Plant Physiol Biochem 45:244–249PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Kyparissis A, Petropoulou Y, Manetas Y (1995) Summer survival of leaves in a soft-leaved shrub (Phlomis fruticosa L. Labiatae) under Mediterranean field conditions: avoidance of photoinhibitory damage through decreased chlorophyll contents. J Exp Bot 46:1825–1831CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Landry LG, Chappel CCS, Last RL (1995) Arabidopsis mutants lacking phenolic sunscreens exhibit enhanced UVB injury and oxidative damage. Plant Physiol 109:1159–1166PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Leyva A, Jarrillo JA, Salinas JM, Martınez-Zapater M (1995) Low temperature induces the accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNA of Arabidopsis thaliana in light-dependent manner. Plant Physiol 108:39–46PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Li L, Staden JV (1988) Effects of plant growth regulators on the antioxidant system in callus of two maize cultivars subjected to water stress. J Plant Growth Regul 24:55–66Google Scholar
  39. Li J, Ou-Lee T, Raba R, Amundson RG, Last RL (1993) Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants are hypersensitive to UV-B irradiation. Plant Cell 5:171–179PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Lin KH, Chao PY, Yang CM, Cheng WC, Lo HF, Chang TR (2006) The effects of flooding and drought stresses on the antioxidant constituents in sweet potato leaves. Bot Stud 47:417–426Google Scholar
  41. Lu Y, Foo LY (1999) Rosmarinic acid derivatives from Salvia officinalis. Phytochemistry 51:91–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Lu Y, Foo LY (2000) Flavonoid and phenolic glycosides from Salvia officinalis. Phytochemistry 55:263–267PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Madsen HL, Bertelsen G (1995) Spices as antioxidants. Trends Food Sci Technol 6:271–277CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Meot-Duros L, Magné C (2009) Antioxidant activity and phenol content of Crithmum maritimum L. leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 47:37–41PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Munné-Bosch S, Penuelas J (2003) Photo and antioxidative protection, and a role for salicylic acid during drought and recovery in field-grown Phillyrea angustifolia plants. Planta 217:758–766PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Munné-Bosch S, Mueller M, Schwarz K, Alegre L (2001) Diterpenes and antioxidative protection in drought stressed Salvia officinalis plants. J Plant Physiol 158:1431–1437CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Namiki M (1990) Antioxidants/antimutagens in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 29:273–300PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Nayyar H, Gupta D (2006) Differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plants to water deficit stress: association with oxidative stress and antioxidants. Environ Exp Bot 58:106–113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Nogués S, Baker NR (2000) Effects of drought on photosynthesis in Mediterranean plants grown under enhanced UV-B radiation. J Exp Bot 51:1309–1317PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Nogués S, Allen DJ, Morison JIL, Baker NR (1998) Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on water relations, leaf development, and photosynthesis in droughted pea plants. Plant Physiol 117:173–181PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Oh MM, Trick HN, Rajashekar CB (2009) Secondary metabolism and antioxidants are involved in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance in lettuce. J Plant Physiol 166:180–191PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on products of browning reaction: antioxidative activity of products of browning reaction. Jpn J Nutr 44:307–315Google Scholar
  53. Proestos C, Boziaris IS, Nychas GJE, Komaitis M (2006) Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chem 95:664–671CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV, Vivekanandan M (2004) Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. J Plant Physiol 161:1189–1202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Rice-Evans CA, Miller JN, Paganga G (1996) Structure antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic Biol Med 20:933–956PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Scandalios JG (1993) Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiol 101:7–12PubMedGoogle Scholar
  57. Scarascia-Mugnozza G, De Angelis P, Matteucci G, Valentini R (1996) Long term exposure to elevated [CO2] in a natural Quercus ilex L. community: net photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency of PSII at different levels of water stress. Plant Cell Environ 19:643–654CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Scholander PF, Hammel HT, Bradstreet ED, Hemmingsen EA (1965) Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science 148:339–346PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Sgherri C, Stevanovic B, Navari-Izzo F (2004) Role of phenolic acid during dehydration and rehydration of Ramonda serbica. Physiol Plant 122:478–485CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Smirnof FN (1993) The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytol 125:27–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Sreenivasulu N, Grimm B, Wobus U, Weschke W (2000) Differential response of antioxidant compounds to salinity stress in salt-tolerant and salt sensitive seedlings of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Physiol Plant 109:435–442CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Velioglu YS, Massa G, Gao L, Oomah BD (1998) Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J Agric Food Chem 46:4113–4117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. Viera HJ, Bergamaschi H, Angelocci LR, Libardi PL (1991) Performance of two bean cultivars under two water availability regimes. II. Stomatal resistance to vapour diffusion, transpiration flux density and water potential in the plant (in Portuguese). Pesq Agropec Bras 9:1035–1045Google Scholar
  64. Yaginuma S, Shiraishi T, Ohya H, Igarashi K (2002) Polyphenol increases in safflower and cucumber seedlings exposed to strong visible light with limited water. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 66:65–72PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Zhao H, Dong J, Lu J, Chen J, Li Y, Shan Y, Fan W, Gu G (2006) Effect of extraction solvent mixtures on antioxidant activity evaluation and their extraction capacity and selectivity for free phenolic compounds in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J Agric Food Chem 54:277–286Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Iness Bettaieb
    • 1
  • Ibtissem Hamrouni-Sellami
    • 1
  • Soumaya Bourgou
    • 1
  • Ferid Limam
    • 1
  • Brahim Marzouk
    • 1
  1. 1.Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC)Hammam-LifTunisia

Personalised recommendations