Douleur et Analgésie

, Volume 29, Issue 4, pp 189–195 | Cite as

Bases moléculaires de la mécanosensibilité

Mise au Point / Update
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Résumé

La mécanotransduction consiste en la conversion d’un stimulus mécanique qui s’exerce sur une cellule en un signal électrique et/ou biochimique. Ce phénomène revêt une importance fondamentale dans de nombreux processus cellulaires aussi divers que la prolifération, la différenciation, la migration et l’apoptose, et dans certaines fonctions neurologiques, incluant le sens du toucher, la proprioception, la nociception et l’audition. Des défauts de la mécanotransduction sont impliqués dans de nombreuses maladies comme la surdité, les pathologies cardiaques et osseuses, les dystrophies musculaires, la douleur ou encore la prolifération cancéreuse. L’identité moléculaire des canaux ioniques mécanosensibles (MSCs) commence seulement à être dévoilée. Cette revue a pour but de décrire les dernières avancées portant sur l’identification des MSCs. Une meilleure connaissance de ces canaux doit mener à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ciblées sur les canaux MSCs.

Mots clés

Canaux mécanosensibles Mécanosensation Canaux piezo Pression Toucher Proprioception Douleur 

Molecular basis of mechanosensation

Abstract

Living organisms sense their physical environment through cellular mechanotransduction, which converts mechanical forces into electrical and biochemical signals. In turn, mechanical signals serve a wide variety of functions, from basic cellular processes as diverse as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis up to some of the most sophisticated senses, including touch, proprioception and hearing. Accordingly, defects in mechanosensing potentially lead to diverse disorders such as hearing loss, cardiomyopathies, muscular dystrophies, chronic pain, and cancer. Progress has been made in establishing the functional properties of mechanoreceptors, but it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level. Here, we discuss new insights into the molecular identity of mechanotransducer channels and current challenges to define their physiological functions.

Keywords

Mechanosensitive ion channels Mechanosensation Piezo channels Pressure touch Proprioception Pain 
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Copyright information

© Lavoisier 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286MarseilleFrance

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