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Depression and Anxiety: Lack of Associations with an Inadequate Diet in a Sample of Pregnant Women with a History of Bariatric Surgery—a Multicenter Prospective Controlled Cohort Study

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Abstract

Background

Anxiety and depression levels are higher in obese compared to those in normal weight pregnant women. The aims of this study are to examine anxiety and depression in pregnancy following bariatric surgery and to compare with obese pregnant controls considering the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), folate, and vitamin B12.

Methods

Anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) were examined in the first (T1) and third (T3) pregnancy trimester in 54 women with bariatric surgery and 25 obese. T1 and T3 dietary intake of PUFA, folate, and vitamin B12 intake was assessed using a 3-day food record. Mixed models with a compound symmetry covariance structure and regression models were applied.

Results

About half of the women with surgery had high state and trait anxiety scores (≥ 40), which did not significantly change during pregnancy. Every 10-kg postoperative weight loss was associated with an increase in T1 state and trait anxiety with respectively 2.7 and 2.3 points. A smoking woman had a 8.6-point higher state anxiety score than a non-smoking woman in T1. In T3, every additional hour of sleep was associated with a decrease in trait anxiety score with 1.59 points. Anxiety and depression scores were not associated with and could not be explained by inadequate PUFAs, folate, and vitamin B12 intakes. Anxiety scores were higher following surgery than those in untreated obesity at both time points.

Conclusion

Pregnancy following bariatric surgery induces high levels of anxiety that are not associated with an inadequate maternal diet.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the UCLL students for their contribution in analyzing the dietary data.

Funding

RD is recipient of a postdoctoral research grant from the FWO Flanders (2010–2015).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Limburg, Belgium

    Goele Jans, Annick Bogaerts, Lieveke Ameye, Johan Verhaeghe & Roland Devlieger

  2. Faculty of Health and Social Work, Research Unit Healthy Living, UC Leuven-Limburg, Leuven, Belgium

    Goele Jans & Annick Bogaerts

  3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Christophe Matthys

  4. Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Christophe Matthys

  5. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    Annick Bogaerts

  6. Faculty of Health and Social Work, Nutrition and Dietetics, UC Leuven-Limburg, Leuven, Belgium

    Frank Delaere

  7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

    Kristien Roelens

  8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ St-Jan Bruges, Bruges, Belgium

    Anne Loccufier

  9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ St-Lucas, Bruges, Belgium

    Hilde Logghe

  10. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ St. Augustinus Wilrijk, Wilrijk, Belgium

    Ben De Becker & Roland Devlieger

  11. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Johan Verhaeghe & Roland Devlieger

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  1. Goele Jans
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Correspondence to Goele Jans.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Ethical Statement

This study was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Jans, G., Matthys, C., Bogaerts, A. et al. Depression and Anxiety: Lack of Associations with an Inadequate Diet in a Sample of Pregnant Women with a History of Bariatric Surgery—a Multicenter Prospective Controlled Cohort Study. OBES SURG 28, 1629–1635 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-3060-4

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