Amélioration de la santé cardiovasculaire par l’exercice physique chez les individus atteints de schizophrénie : un guide de pratique
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Résumé
Contexte
Plusieurs facteurs augmentent le risque de maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV) chez les individus atteints de schizophrénie dont la génétique, le traitement antipsychotique, le tabagisme, la mauvaise nutrition et l’inactivité physique. Plusieurs protocoles d’évaluation ont été élaborés mais peu définissent de manière précise la stratégie de prise en charge optimale pour réduire le risque de MCV dans cette population. Parmi les interventions étudiées, l’exercice physique est une stratégie de choix car, en plus d’améliorer les paramètres et facteurs de risque cardiométabolique (tour de taille, triglycéridémie, glycémie, tension artérielle), il améliore la capacité cardiorespiratoire (VO2 max), facteur de risque indépendant de MCV.
Objectif
Déterminer l’impact de l’exercice physique sur les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les individus atteints de troubles psychotiques et préciser le type d’exercice le plus efficace à ces fins. En fonction des résultats mis en évidence, suggérer un programme novateur d’exercice physique ciblant le risque de MCV qui pourrait être utilisé avec cette population.
Méthode
Revue de littérature systématique sur l’activité physique supervisée en monothérapie chez des individus atteints de trouble psychotique à partir des banques de données électroniques Medline, PubMed, Embase et PsycINFO et par recherche manuelle.
Conclusion
L’entrainement aérobie, plus particulièrement l’entrainement par intervalle (EPI) à haute intensité, permet de cibler de manière optimale les facteurs de risque de MCV. Par conséquent, un protocole d’implantation de ce type d’exercice chez les patients psychotiques ainsi qu’un protocole d’évaluation de la condition cardiométabolique est suggéré. Des pistes de solution face à certains obstacles et limites à la mise en place de tels programmes dans cette population sont également discutées. L’applicabilité d’un programme d’EPI dans cette population sera à confirmer par des recherches futures.
Mots clés
Recommandations pratiques Surveillance Antipsychotiques Maladie cardiovasculaire Troubles psychotiques SchizophrénieImprovements in cardiorespiratory health with physical activity in schizophrenic individuals: A practical guide
Abstract
Background
Several factors could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with schizophrenia including genetics, antipsychotic medication, smoking, an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Several assessment protocols have been developed but few have defined the optimal strategy of care in reducing the risk of CVD in this population. Among the interventions studied, exercise training is the strategy of choice since it could improve cardiorespiratory fitness levels (VO2 max), which is an independent risk factors for CVD, as well as metabolic risk factors such as elevated waist circumference, high triglycerides, high blood glucose and blood pressure.
Objective
To determine the impact of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with psychotic disorders and identify the most effective type of exercise for the improvement of these metabolic risk factors. In line with the previous results, to develop a specific exercise program for this population.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature on supervised exercise training programs in individuals with psychotic disorders was performed using the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO.
Conclusion
Aerobic training, in particular high intensity interval training (HIT), seems to be the optimal form of training for the improvements of cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, a protocol of implementation of this type of exercise is recommended in individuals with SCZ; in addition to a protocol for assessing cardiometabolic risk in these patients. Many factors suggest that HIT may be an optimal strategy in this population. Several obstacles in implementation of these programs or limits inherent to this population are also presented, accompanied by suggested solutions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of such programs.
Keywords
Practical recommendations Monitoring Antipsychotics Cardiovascular disease Psychotic disorders SchizophreniaPreview
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