Abstract
A comprehensive experimental design was developed to determine suitable conditions (volume, percentage of solvent, extraction temperature) for the ethanol extraction of phenolic compounds from ten tropical woody plants. Wenge, angelim vermelho, zebrano, merbau, tigerwood, angelim pedra, jatoba, angelim amargoso, massaranduba, and doussie woods were used in experiments. The effects of three independent variables and their interactions on the yields of cinnamic and benzoic acid derivates were analyzed using UHPLC-PDA. The most significant parameters were found to be solvent percentage, extraction volume, and extraction temperature. Optimal conditions for the extraction of phenolic compound contents were an 80 °C extraction temperature, a 30 mL extraction volume, and the use of pure water as the extraction solvent. The tested species of woods contained mainly cinnamic acid derivates. Water extracts after hydrolysis contained greater amounts of cinnamic acid derivates than those extracts from non-hydrolyzed material. The total phenolics content was highest in water extracts of tigerwood, wenge and merbau; however, the extract of merbau wood was a stronger radical scavenger in ABTS+· assays: 34.11 ± 0.02 mM Trolox equivalents per g of dry extract. The main compounds possessing antioxidant activity in the extracts of vermelho wood assessed by UHPLC analysis were hydroxycinnamic acids.
Abbreviations
- AC:
-
Antioxidant capacity
- ACN:
-
Acetonitrile
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- EtOH:
-
Ethanol
- MeOH:
-
Methanol
- PDA:
-
Photodiode array detector
- SPE:
-
Solid-phase extraction
- TEAC:
-
Total equivalent antioxidant capacities
- TPC:
-
Total polyphenol content
- UHPLC:
-
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Wood Science for providing wood samples. The authors would also like to thank the companies MAGNUM Parket a.s. and ToTEM s.r.o. for the supply of materials used in the experiment. We would like to thank Mr. Matthew Nicholls for manuscript improvement and English correction.
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Project funding: This study is supported by the project ‘Cross-sectional study programmes innovation with respect to general knowledge courses at the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno’, Registry No. CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0021 with the contribution of the EU funds and the state budget of the Czech Republic.
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Corresponding editor: Zhu Hong.
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Bartakova, M., Dvorackova, E., Chromcova, L. et al. Simple phenols in tropical woods determined by UHPLC-PDA and their antioxidant capacities: an experimental design for Randall extraction using environmentally friendly solvents. J. For. Res. 31, 819–826 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00900-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00900-5