Extraction of seed oil from Diospyros lotus optimized using response surface methodology

Journal of Forestry Research volume 30, pages709–719(2019)Cite this article

Abstract

Oil from seeds of Diospyros lotus was extracted using a conventional method with two different solvents: hexane and petroleum ether. A central composite design with response surface methodology were used to optimize the process. A second-order polynomial equation was employed, and ANOVA was applied to evaluate the impact of various operating parameters including extraction temperature (x1; 44.9–70.1 °C), extraction time (x2; 5.0–10.0 h) and solvent to solid ratio (x3; 11.6–28.4 mL g−1), on oil yield. Experiments to validate the model showed decent conformity between predicted and actual values. Extraction conditions for optimal oil yield were 61 °C, 8.75 h extraction duration and 19.25 mL g−1 solvent to solid ratio. Under these conditions, the oil yield was predicted to be 5.1340%. Oil samples obtained were then analyzed using gas chromatography. The fatty acid composition revealed the major fatty acids to be oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). The analysis of oil also demonstrated a decent ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The structure of seeds was imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Oil quality was analyzed thermogravimetrically and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The assigned nutritional features of the D. lotus oil suggested that it can be used as an edible oil in pharmaceutical and food industry in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Kashan, especially the Deputy of Research, for financial support (Grant: Pajoohaneh #1394/12). They also thank the Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids at the University of Kashan for providing experimental facilities and the laboratory staff at the Nargesoil Company (Shiraz, Iran) for cooperation in this project.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran

    Gholamhossein Sodeifian, Nedasadat Saadati Ardestani & Seyed Ali Sajadian

  2. Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran

    Gholamhossein Sodeifian, Nedasadat Saadati Ardestani & Seyed Ali Sajadian

Authors
  1. Gholamhossein Sodeifian
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  2. Nedasadat Saadati Ardestani
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  3. Seyed Ali Sajadian
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Correspondence to Gholamhossein Sodeifian.

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The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com

Corresponding editor: Zhu Hong.

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Sodeifian, G., Saadati Ardestani, N. & Sajadian, S.A. Extraction of seed oil from Diospyros lotus optimized using response surface methodology. J. For. Res. 30, 709–719 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0631-8

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Keywords

  • Diospyros lotus
  • Solvent extraction
  • Physicochemical properties
  • Fatty acids
  • Response surface methodology