Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Pyroconductivity of NiFe2O4 Composite Reinforced with ZrO2 Fibers

  • Jinjing Du
  • Yihan Liu
  • Guangchun Yao
  • Zhongsheng Hua
  • Xiuli Long
  • Bin Wang
Article
First Online:
Received:
Revised:

Abstract

NiO-Fe2O3-ZrO2f composites were fabricated by a two-step sintering process. No phase transformation for ZrO2f was observed. The as-prepared NiO-Fe2O3-ZrO2f ceramic showed excellent mechanical properties because of the introduction of ZrO2 fiber. The values for both the bending strength and fracture strength of 3 wt.% ZrO2f-reinforced NiFe2O4 samples reached the maximum values of ~89.0 MPa and ~4.67 MPa m1/2, respectively, The toughness mechanism is mainly attributed to fibers’ fracture, crack deflection, fibers’ pull-out, and fibers’ debonding. The conductivity of ZrO2f-reinforced NiFe2O4 is dependent on temperature and ZrO2f content. When the electrolytic temperature is up to 950 °C, the conductivity value of the sample reinforced with 4 wt.% ZrO2 fibers is 0.63 S/cm, which has been improved by 37.8% compared with the conductivity value of 0.45 S/cm for the un-doped samples. The main conductive mechanisms of ZrO2 fiber in the matrix are the one based on the substitution of Zr4+ ions to produce quasi-free electrons, and the other based on oxygen ionic conducting mechanism.

Keywords

ceramic matrix composites conductivity heat treating mechanical testing ZrO2 fiber 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science of China (No. 50834001; No. 50971038) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2009AA03Z502).

References

  1. 1.
    S.E. Shirsath, B.G. Toksha, and K.M. Jadhav, Structural and Magnetic Properties of In3+ Substituted NiFe2O4, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2009, 117, p 163–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Y.M. Al Angari, Magnetic Properties of La-substituted NiFe2O4 via Egg-White Precursor Route, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2011, 323, p 1835–1839CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    A. Goldman, Modern Ferrite Technology, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    D.R. Patil and B.K. Chougule, Effect of Copper Substitution on Electrical and Magnetic Properties of NiFe2O4 Ferrite, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2009, 117, p 35–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    O.M. Hemeda, M.Z. Said, and M.M. Barakat, Spectral and Transport Phenomena in Ni Ferrite-substituted Gd2O3, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2001, 224, p 132–142CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    M.A. Gabal and Y.M. Al Angari, Effect of Diamagnetic Substitution on the Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of NiFe2O4, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2009, 115, p 578–584CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    R.S. Devan, Y.D. Kolekar, and B.K. Chougule, Effect of Cobalt Substitution on the Properties of Nickel-Copper Ferrite, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter., 2006, 18, p 9809–9821CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    X.H. Cao, J.H. Meng, F. Mi, Z.H. Zhang, and J. Sun, Preparation and Magnetic Property Investigation of a Nickel Spinel Ferrite-Coated Tetrapod-Like ZnO Composite, Solid State Commun., 2011, 151(9), p 678–682CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    S.P. Ray, Inert Anodes for Hall Cells, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1986, p 287–298Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    E. Olsen and J. Thonstad, Nickel Ferrite as Inert Anodes in Aluminium Electrolysis (Part I): Material Fabrication and Preliminary Testing, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1999, 29, p 293–299CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    D.R. Sadoway, Inert Anodes for the Hall Hároult Cell: The Ultimate Materials Challenge, JOM, 2001, 53, p 34–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    L.J. Berchmans, R.K. Selvan, and C.O. Augustin, Evaluation of Mg2+-substituted NiFe2O4 as a Green Anode Material, Mater. Lett., 2004, 58, p 1928–1933CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    S.T. Zhang, G.C. Yao, and Y.H. Liu, Study on Sintering Technique of NiFe2O4/SiCw Used as Matrix of Inert Anodes, J. Funct. Mater., 2005, 4(36), p 569–571 (in Chinese)Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    S.J. Guo, Powder Sintering Theory, Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, 1998, p 201–238Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    D. Gómez-García, J. Martínez-Fernández, A. Domínguez-Rodríguez, P. Eveno, and J. Castaing, Deformation Mechanisms for High-Temperature Creep of High Yttria Content Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystals, Acta Mater., 1996, 44(3), p 991–999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    J. Lin, X.H. Zhang, Z. Wang, and W.B. Han, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZrB2-SiC-ZrO2f Ceramic, Scr. Mater., 2011, 64, p 872–875CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    H. Miyazaki, Y. Yoshizawa, and K. Hirao, Effect of the Volume Ratio of Zirconia and Alumina on the Mechanical Properties of Fibrous Zirconia/Alumina Bi-phase Composites Prepared by Co-extrusion, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2006, 26, p 3539–3546CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    B. Budiansky and Y.L. Cui, Toughening of Ceramics by Short Aligned Fibers, Mech. Mater., 1995, 21, p 139–146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    J.P. Singh, D. Singh, and M. Sutaria, Ceramic Composites: Roles of Fiber and Interface, Compos. A, 1999, 30, p 445–450CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    S. Pietrzyk and R. Oblakowski, Electrical Conductivity of Cryolite Electrolytes During the Liquid-Solid Phase Transition, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2002, p 405–414Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Y.Q. Lai, J. Li, Z.L. Tian, G. Zhang, and Y.X. Liu, An Improved Pyroconductivity Test of Spinel-containing Cermet Inert Anodes in Aluminum Electrolysis Cells, A. T. Tabereaux, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2004, p 339–344Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Y.Q. Lai, Z.L. Tian, J. Li, S.L. Ye, and Y.X. Liu, Preliminary Testing of NiFe2O4-NiO-Ni Cermet as Inert Anode in Na3AlF6-AlF3 Melts, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2006, 16, p 654–658CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    J. Lin, X.H. Zhang, Z. Wang, W.B. Han, and H. Jin, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed ZrB2-SiC-ZrO2f Ceramics with Different Sintering Temperatures, Mater. Des., 2012, 34, p 853–856CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    A.H. Elizabeth and J.C. Michael, Two-Dimensional Whisker Percolation in Ceramic Matrix-Ceramic Whisker Composites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1989, 72(2), p 303–305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    L. Silvestroni, D. Sciti, C. Melandri, and S. Guicciardi, Toughened ZrB2-based Ceramics Through SiC Whisker or SiC Chopped Fiber Additions, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2010, 30, p 2155–2164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    A.L. Chamberlain, W.G. Fahrenholtz, G.E. Hilmas, and D.T. Ellerby, High-Strength Zirconium Diboride-Based Ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2004, 87, p 1170–1172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    D. Sciti, S. Guicciardi, and L. Silvestroni, SiC Chopped Fibers Reinforced ZrB2: Effect of the Sintering Aid, Scr. Mater., 2011, 64, p 769–772CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    G.H. Zhou, S.W. Wang, J.K. Guo, and Z. Zhang, The Preparation and Mechanical Properties of the Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Zirconia Composite, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2008, 28, p 787–792CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    W.G. Fahrenholtz, G.E. Hilmas, I.G. Talmy, and J.A. Zayko-ski, Refractory Diborides of Zirconium and Hafnium, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 90(5), p 1347–1364CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    F.Y. Yang, X.H. Zhang, J.C. Han, and S.Y. Du, Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced ZrB2-SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites, Mater. Lett., 2008, 62, p 2925–2927CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    A.I. El Shora, M.A. El Hiti, M.K. El Nimr, M.A. Ahmed, and A.M. El Hasab, Semiconductivity in Ni1+xMnxFe2−2xO4 Ferrites, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1999, 204, p 20–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    J. Smit and H.J.P. Wijn, Ferrites, Cleaver-Hume Press, London, 1959Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    Y.S. Yin and J. Li, Zirconia Ceramics and Composite Materials, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2004Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    C.F. Wang, G.X. Li, and S.L. Qu, Effect of Adding Y2O3 in Ceramic Electrodes on the Electrical Conductivities, Rare Met., 1992, 11(4), p 255–259Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    A. Pierre and P.T. Jean, Structure and Iron Mobility of Zirconia at High Temperature, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1985, 68(1), p 34–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    F. Boulch and E. Djurado, Structural Changes of Rare-Earth-Doped, Nanostructured Zirconia Solid Solution, Solid State Ion., 2003, 157(1–4), p 335–340CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© ASM International 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jinjing Du
    • 1
    • 2
  • Yihan Liu
    • 2
  • Guangchun Yao
    • 2
  • Zhongsheng Hua
    • 3
  • Xiuli Long
    • 2
  • Bin Wang
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.School of Metallurgy EngineeringXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’anChina
  2. 2.School of Materials and MetallurgyNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
  3. 3.School of Metallurgy and ResourcesAnhui University of TechnologyAnhuiChina

Personalised recommendations