Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B

, Volume 46, Issue 4, pp 1626–1637 | Cite as

Residual Stresses and Tensile Properties of Friction Stir Welded AZ31B-H24 Magnesium Alloy in Lap Configuration

Article
First Online:

Abstract

AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy sheets with a thickness of 2 mm were friction stir welded in lap configuration using two tool rotational rates of 1000 and 1500 rpm and two welding speeds of 10 and 20 mm/s. The residual stresses in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the weldments were determined using X-ray diffraction. The shear tensile behavior of the lap joints was evaluated at low [233 K (−40 °C)], room [298 K (25 °C)], and elevated [453 K (180 °C)] temperatures. The failure load was highest for the lower heat input condition that was obtained at a tool rotational rate of 1000 rpm and a welding speed of 20 mm/s for all the test temperatures, due to the smaller hooking height, larger effective sheet thickness, and lower tensile residual stresses, as compared to the other two welding conditions that were conducted at a higher tool rotational rate or lower welding speed. The lap joints usually fractured on the advancing side of the top sheet near the interface between the thermo-mechanically affected zone and the stir zone. Elevated temperature testing of the weld assembled at a tool rotational rate of 1000 rpm and a welding speed of 20 mm/s led to the failure along the sheet interface in shear fracture mode due to the high integrity of the joint that exhibited large plastic deformation and higher total energy absorption.

Keywords

Residual Stress Friction Stir Welding Welding Speed Stir Zone Critical Resolve Shear Stress 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Nomenclature

AS

Advancing side

BM

Base metal

CRSS

Critical-resolved shear stress

EST

Effective sheet thickness

ET

Elevated temperature

FSW

Friction stir welding

HAZ

Heat-affected zone

LD

Longitudinal direction

LT

Low temperature

RD

Rolling direction

RS

Retreating side

RT

Room temperature

SEM

Scanning electron microscope

SZ

Stir zone

TD

Transverse direction

TMAZ

Thermo-mechanically affected zone

XRD

X-ray diffraction

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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and AUTO21 Network of Centers of Excellence for providing financial support. The authors also thank Professor A.A. Luo from Ohio State University (formerly with General Motors Research and Development Center) for providing the test materials. One of the authors (D.L. Chen) is grateful for the financial support by the Premier’s Research Excellence Award (PREA), NSERC-Discovery Accelerator Supplement (DAS) Award, Automotive Partnership Canada (APC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and Ryerson Research Chair (RRC) program. The assistance of Q. Li, A. Machin, J. Amankrah, R. Churaman, and M. Guerin (NRC) in performing the experiments is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank Professor S.D. Bhole for the helpful discussion.

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Copyright information

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringRyerson UniversityTorontoCanada
  2. 2.Structures, Materials and Manufacturing LaboratoryNational Research Council Canada - AerospaceMontrealCanada

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