Effects of Hot Spinning and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of A356 Wheel Hubs
- 24 Downloads
Abstract
The effects of hot spinning and heat treatment on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of A356 wheel hubs were studied. The results of the microstructure investigation show that the as-cast microstructure was broken and elongated after spinning, but the microstructure in the inner layer was not substantially streamlined. The results obtained for the eutectic Si particles reveal that they were partially cracked under the action of the spinning stress, resulting in a slight decrease in size. The spheroidization effect of heat treatment on the eutectic Si particles was significant. The results of texture research show that the original as-cast texture disappeared after spinning, and the subsequent heat treatment had an influence on the texture transformation. The distribution of the misorientation angle changed after hot spinning and heat treatment. The hardness results show that the hardness decreased slightly by spinning but increased with the subsequent heat treatment. Both spinning and heat treatment could improve the tensile strength, but the tensile strength of the inner layer was lower than that of the outer layer. The effect of the developed textures on the yield strength was explored by a comparison study using the Schmid Factor.
Notes
Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51275533, the State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing (Contract No. zzyjkt2013-10B), Central South University, China.
References
- 1.1.W. M. Jiang, Z. T. Fan, D. J. Liu, D. F. Liao, X. P. Dong and X. M. Zong: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 560, pp. 396-403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.2.B. Milkereit, H. Frock, C. Schick and O. Kessler: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2014, vol. 24, pp. 2025-2033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.3.Y. J. Zhang, N. H. Ma, Y. K. Le, S. C. Li and H. W. Wang: Mater. Lett., 2005, vol. 59, pp. 2174-2177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.4.S.C. Wang, C. Cai, K.H. Zheng, W.J. Qi: China Foundry, 2013, vol. 10, pp: 299-303.Google Scholar
- 5.5.M. J. Roy and D. M. Maijer: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2015, vol. 226, pp. 188-204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.6.X. Y. Wu, H. R. Zhang, H. L. Chen, L. N. Jia and H. Zhang: China Foundry, 2017, vol. 14, pp. 138-44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.7.Y. C. Cheng, C. K. Lin, A. H. Tan, S. Y. Hsu and S. L. Lee: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, vol. 21, pp. 1873-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.8.W. M. Zhao, X. F. Jia, Z. F. Wang, Z. G. Yin and G. Y. Xiong: Adv. Mater. Res., 2011,Vols. 189-193, pp. 4014-17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.9.Y. C. Cheng, C. K. Lin, A. H. Tan, J. C. Lin and S. L. Lee: Mater. Manuf. Process., 2010, vol. 25, pp. 689-95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.10.B. Dang, Y. B. Li, F. Liu, Q. Zuo and M. C. Liu: Mater. Des., 2014, vol. 57, pp. 73-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.11.R. Gupta, A. Sharma, U. Pandel and L. Ratke: Int. J. Cast. Metals Res., 2017, vol. 30, pp. 283-92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.12.M. Zhu, Z. Y. Jian, G. C. Yang and Y. H. Zhou, Mater. Des., 2012, vol. 36, pp. 243-49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.13.V. H. Carneiro, H. Puga and J. Meireles: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, vol. 729, pp. 1-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.14.J. H. Peng, X. L. Tang, J. T. He and D. Y. Xu: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2011, vol. 21, pp. 1950-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.15.M. Howeyze, A. R. Eivani, H. Arabi and H. R. Jafarian: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, vol. 732, pp. 120-28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Tajir, A., Y. Uematsu, T. Kakiuchi, Y. Tozaki, Y. Suzuki and A. Afrinaldi: Int. J. Fatigue, 2015, vol. 80, pp. 192-202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.17.S. S Zhao, X. P. Lin, Y. Dong, Y. Niu, D. Xu and H. Sun: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, vol. 729, pp. 300-09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.18.K. Abib, J. A. M. Balanos, B. Alili and D. Bradai: Mater. Charact., 2016, vol. 112, pp. 252-58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.19.D. B. Shan, G. P. Yang and W. C. Xu: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, vol. 209, pp. 5713-19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.20.M. G. Mueller, M. Fornabaio, G. Zagar and A. Mortensen: Acta Mater., 2016, vol. 105, pp. 165-75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.21.U. Patakham and C. Limmaneevichitr: J. Alloys Compd., 2014, vol. 616, pp. 198-207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.22.L. Yang, Y. B. Li, B. Dang, H. B. Lu and F. Liu: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2015, vol. 25, pp. 3189-96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.23.E. Ogris, A. Wahlen, H. Luchinger and P. J. Uggowitzer: J. Light Met., 2002, vol. 2, pp. 263-269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.24.Y. Birol: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2013, vol. 559, pp. 394-400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.25.M. S. Bhaskar and M. K. Surappa: Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2019, vol. 72, pp. 849-57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.26.W. C. Liu, C. S. Man, D. Raabe and J. G. Morris: Scr. Mater., 2005, vol. 53, pp. 1273-77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.27.Y. C. Lin, X. Y. Wu, X. M. Chen, J. Chen, D. X. Wen, J. L. Zhang and L. T. Li: J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 640, pp. 101-13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.28.Y. Birol: J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 484, pp. 164-67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.29.J. B. Yu, Z. M. Ren, W. L. Ren, K. Deng and Y. B. Zhong: Acta Metall. Sin.-Engl. Lett., 2009, vol. 22, pp. 191-96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.30.G. Sha, H. Moller, W. E. Stumpf, J. H. Xia, G. Govender and S. P. Ringer: Acta Mater., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 692-701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.31.K. Buchanan, K. Colas, J. Ribis, A. Lopea, J. Garnier: Acta Mater., 2017, vol. 132, pp. 209-21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.32.Y. B. Chun, S. H. Ahn, D. H. Shin and S. K. Hwang: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2009, vol. 508, pp. 253-58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.33.P. Luo, D. T. McDonald, S. M. Zhu, S. Palanisamy, M. S. Dargusch and K. Xia: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2012, vol. 538, pp. 252-58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.34.O. R. Myhr, O. S. Hopperstad and T. Borvik: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2018, vol. 49A, pp. 3592-3609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.35.S. Birosca, F. Di Gioacchino, S. Stekovic and M. Hardy: Acta Mater., 2014, vol. 74, pp. 110-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.36.S. M. Fatemi, A. Zarei-Hanzaki and J. M. Cabrera: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2017, vol. 48A, pp. 2563-73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar