Abstract
The rampant use of antibiotics in the swine industry has caused an increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Thus, investigating novel natural antimicrobial compounds that can be supplemented into swine feed is of great importance. Glyceollins are members of a class of inducible phytochemicals that are naturally produced by soybeans and have antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Previous research has concluded that 3 mg glyceollins per g soybean is the target production that would enable glyceollins to be used as an antimicrobial in swine feed. In this study, the optimal soybean germination conditions for glyceollin production were elucidated and utilized. Also, 8 fungal strains were evaluated for their ability to stimulate glyceollin production in soybeans. The fungal strains were inoculated on soybeans that were either manually de-hulled and halved or still encased by the hull. It was determined that Trichoderma reesei NRRL 3653 inoculated on de-hulled soybeans yielded significantly higher glyceollin production (3.763 mg/g) than all other treatments investigated in this study, which was a ∼3-fold increase in production compared to a previously published study. This study strongly suggests that T. reesei can stimulate glyceollin production from soybeans at a high enough concentration to become a novel natural antimicrobial in swine feed.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ESI:
-
Electrospray ionization
- GI50 :
-
50% growth inhibition
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometer
- PDA:
-
Photodiode array detector
- RT:
-
Retention time
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support from the Agricultural Experimentation Station at South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA. The authors acknowledge Dr. Kerry O’Donnell of the USDA NCAUR for sequencing and identifying fungal contaminants isolated from our laboratory.
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Section Editor: Marc Stadle
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Isaac, I.C., Johnson, T.J., Berhow, M. et al. Evaluating the efficacy of fungal strains to stimulate glyceollin production in soybeans. Mycol Progress 16, 223–230 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1269-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1269-1