Carrier M (2011) A study to evaluate the safety of withholding anticoagulation in patients with subsegmental PE who have a negative serial bilateral lower extremity ultrasound (SSPE). http:clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01455818. Last access May 2013Google Scholar

Prasad V, Rho J, Cifu A (2012) The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 172:955–958PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubinstein I, Murray D, Hoffstein V (1988) Fatal pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients. An autopsy study. Arch Intern Med 148:1425–1426PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Robin ED (1977) Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of pulmonary embolism: the emperor may have no clothes. Ann Intern Med 87:775–781PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Storto ML, Di Credico A, Guido F et al (2005) Incidental detection of pulmonary emboli on routine MDCT of the chest. AJR Am J Roentgenol184:264–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gosselin MV, Rubin GD, Leung AN et al (1998) Unsuspected pulmonary embolism: prospective detection on routine helical CT scans. Radiology 208:209–215PubMedGoogle Scholar

Farrell C, Jones M, Girvin F et al (2010) Unsuspected pulmonary embolism identified using multidetector computed tomography in hospital outpatients. Clin Radiol 65:1–5PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gladish GW, Choe DH, Marom EM et al (2006) Incidental pulmonary emboli in oncology patients: prevalence, CT evaluation, and natural history. Radiology 240:246–255PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cronin CG, Lohan DG, Keane M et al (2007) Prevalence and significance of asymptomatic venous thromboembolic disease found on oncologic staging CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:162–170PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

O’Connell C, Razavi P, Ghalichi M, et al (2011) Unsuspected pulmonary emboli adversely impact survival in patients with cancer undergoing routine staging multi-row detector computed tomography scanning. J Thromb Haemost 9:305–311PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Piatek C, O’Connell C (2012) Unsuspected pulmonary embolism: impact on mortality among cancer patients. Curr Opin Pulm Med 18:406–409PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

den Exter PL, Jimènez D, Kroft LJ et al (2012) Outcome of incidentally diagnosed pulmonary embolism in patients with malignancy. Curr Opin Pulm Med 18:399–405CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR et al (2006) Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 354:2317–2327PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gurney JW (1993) No fooling around: direct visualization of pulmonary embolism. Radiology 188:618–619PubMedGoogle Scholar

Goodman LR (2005) Small pulmonary emboli. What do we know? Radiology 234:654–658PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Remy-Jardin M, Pistolesi M, Goodman LR et al (2007) Management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism in the era of CT angiography: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology 245:315–329PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wiener RS, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S (2011) Time trends in pulmonary embolism in the United States: evidence of overdiagnosis. Arch Intern Med 171:831–837PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schoepf UJ, Holzknecht N, Helmberger TK et al (2002) Subsegmental pulmonary emboli: improved detection with thin-collimation multi-detector row spiral CT. Radiology 222:483–490PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Linkins LA, Choi PT, Douketis JD (2003) Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 139:893–900PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ashrani A, Heit J (2011) Caution on interpreting the time trends in pulmonary embolism as “overdiagnosis” Arch Intern Med 171:1963–1964CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Suh JM, Cronan JJ, Healey TT (2010) Dots are not clots: the over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PE. Emerg Radiol 17:347–352PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perrier A, Bounameaux H, Morabia A et al (1996) Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by a decision analysis-based strategy including clinical probability, D-dimer levels, and ultrasonography: a management study. Arch Intern Med 156:531–536PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perrier A, Desmarais S, Miron MJ et al (1999) Non-invasive diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in outpatients. Lancet 353:190–195PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carrier M, Righini M, Le Gal G (2012) Symptomatic subsegmental pulmonary embolism: what is the next step? J Thromb Haemost 10:1486–1490PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tapson V (2011) Acute pulmonary embolism: comment on “time trends in pulmonary embolism in the United States”. Arch Intern Med 171:837–839PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sheh SH, Bellin E, Freeman KD et al (2012) Pulmonary embolism diagnosis and mortality with pulmonary CT angiography versus ventilationperfusion scintigraphy: evidence of overdiagnosis with CT? AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:1340–1345PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cereser L, Bagatto D, Girometti R, et al (2011) Chest multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism: diagnostic yield and proportion of other clinically relevant findings. Radiol Med 116:219–229PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Woo JK, Chiu RY, Thakur Y et al (2012) Risk-benefit analysis of pulmonary CT angiography in patients with suspected pulmonary embolus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:1332–1339PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Araoz PA, Haramati LB, Mayo JR et al (2012) Panel discussion: pulmonary embolism imaging and outcomes. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:1313–1319PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Riopel C, Righini M (2011) Should we treat subsegmental pulmonary embolism? J Mal Vasc 36:37–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stein PD, Goodman LR, Hull RD et al (2012) Diagnosis and management of isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism. Review and assessment of options. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 18:20–26PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sijens PE, van Ingen HE, van Beek EJ et al (2000) Rapid ELISA assay for plasma D-Dimer in the diagnosis of segmental and subsegmental pulmonary embolism: a comparison with pulmonary angiography. Thromb Haemost 84:156–159PubMedGoogle Scholar

Donato AA, Khoche S, Santora J et al (2010) Clinical outcomes in patients with isolated subsegmental pulmonary emboli diagnosed by multidetector CT pulmonary angiography. Thromb Res 126:e266–e270PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stein PD, Woodard PK, Weg JG et al (2007) Diagnostic pathways in acute pulmonary embolism: recommendations of the PIOPED II Investigators. Radiology 242:15–21PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cronin P, Kelly AM (2011) Influence of populazion prevalences on numbers of false positives: an overlooked entity. Acad Radiol 18:1087–1093PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moynihan R Henry D (2006) The fight against disease mongering. Generating knowledge for action. PLoS Med 3:e191PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar