Abstract
In the present study, we report the first fiber optic glucose sensor utilizing localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles. The fiber was bent in the form of a U-shaped probe for point detection and sensitivity enhancement. The probe was prepared by first attaching gold nanoparticles on the optical fiber core and then immobilizing glucose oxidase over it. The sensor operates in the intensity modulation scheme in which the absorbance is measured with respect to the changes in the glucose concentration. The presence of glucose in the vicinity of the sensing region changes the refractive index of the film due to the chemical reactions with glucose oxidase. The absorbance of the metal nanoparticle changes significantly due to local refractive index change. The fiber optic U-shaped probes of different bending radii were fabricated and it has been found that the probe with bending radius around 0.982 mm possesses the maximum sensitivity. The response of the sensor is fast and requires very small volume of sensing sample (∼150 μl) which makes it more suitable for commercialization and better than present commercial sensors, which require about 1.5 ml of blood for the detection of glucose.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bardhan R, Lal S, Joshi A, Halas NJ (2011) Theranostic nanoshells: from probe design to imaging and treatment of cancer. Acc Chem Res. doi:10.1021/ar200023x
Celebrano M, Lettow R, Kukura P, Agio M, Renn A, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V (2010) Efficient coupling of single photons to single plasmons. Opt Exp 18:13829–13835
Novotny L (2011) From near field optics to optical antennas. Phys Today 64:47–52
Stockman, M.I. and Bergman, D.J., 2009. Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPASER), USA Patent No. 7569188
Haes AJ, Duyne RPV (2004) A unified view of propagating and localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 379:920–930
Hutter E, Fndler JH (2004) Exploitation of localized surface plasmon resonance. Adv Mater 16:1685–1706
Lin T-J, Chung M-F (2009) Detection of cadmium by a fiber-optic biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance. Biosens Bioelectron 24:1213–1218
Srivastava SK, Verma RK, Gupta BD (2009) Theoretical modeling of a localized surface plasmon resonance based intensity modulated fiber optic refractive index sensor. Appl Opt 48:3796–3802
Srivastava SK, Gupta BD (2010) Simulation of a localized surface-plasmon-resonance-based fiber optic temperature sensor. J Opt Soc Am A 27:1743–1749
Gupta BD, Dodeja H, Tomar AK (1996) Fibre-optic evanescent field absorption sensor based on a U-shaped probe. Opt Quant Electron 28:1629–1639
Khijwania SK, Gupta BD (2000) Maximum achievable sensitivity of the fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor based on the U-shaped probe. Opt Comm 175:135–137
Srivastava SK, Gupta BD (2011) A multitapered fiber-optic SPR sensor with enhanced sensitivity. Photon Technol Lett 23:923–925
Abdel-latif MS, Suleiman AA, Guilbault GG (1988) Enzyme-based fiber optic sensor for glucose determination. Anal Lett 21:943–951
Zhang S, Wang N, Yu H, Niu Y, Sun C (2005) Covalent attachment of glucose oxidase to an Au electrode modified with gold nanoparticles for use as glucose biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 67:15–22
Hsieh HV, Pfeiffer ZA, Amiss TJ, Sherman DB, Pitner JB (2004) Direct detection of glucose by surface plasmon resonance with bacterial glucose/galactose-binding protein. Biosens Bioelectron 19:653–660
Turkevich J, Stevenson PC, Hillier J (1951) A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss Faraday Soc 11:55–75
Sheu J-T, Chen CC, Chang KS, Li Y-K (2008) A possibility of detection of the non-charge based analytes using ultra-thin body field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 23:1883–1886
American Diabetes Association (2006) Standards of medical care-table 6 and table 7, correlation between A1C level and mean plasma glucose levels on multiple testing over 2–3 months. Diabetes Care 29:51–580
Haes AJ, Van Duyne RP (2004) A unified view of propagating and localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 379:920–930
Yoo E-H, Lee S-Y (2010) Glucose biosensors: an overview of use in clinical practice. Sensors 10:4558–4576
Naganna B, Rajamma M, Rao KV (1967) On the failure of enzyme paper strips to detect glucose in certain abnormal urines. Clin Chim Act 17:219–221
http://www.habdirect.com.au/Glucose_Analysers_s/122.htm. Accessed 18 October 2011
Worsley GJ, Tourniaire GA, Medlock KES, Sartain FK, Harmer HE, Thatcher M, Horgan AM, Pritchard J (2007) Continuous blood glucose monitoring with a thin-film optical sensor. Clin Chem 53:1820–1826
http://www.jsbhealthcare.com/landing_pages/ez-smart-glucometer/ez-smart-glucometer.html?gclid=CNOVyczv86sCFUkb6wodb0BJxw. Accessed 18 October 2011
http://www.diabetesdaily.com/wiki/Blood_glucose_monitoring. Accessed 18 October 2011
Acknowledgments
S. K. Srivastava and V. Arora thank Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, India for research fellowships. The present research work is partially funded by the Department of Science and Technology, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Srivastava, S.K., Arora, V., Sapra, S. et al. Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Fiber Optic U-Shaped Biosensor for the Detection of Blood Glucose. Plasmonics 7, 261–268 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-011-9302-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-011-9302-8