Characterization of ligand response properties of the CRP protein from Pseudomonas putida
- 510 Downloads
- 1 Citations
Abstract
cAMP receptor protein (CRP) plays profound roles in many bacteria as a global regulator. In Escherichia coli, CRP E. coli modulates the expression of many operons involved in carbon catabolism, in response to the fluctuation of intracellular cAMP level caused by carbon catabolism. A crp homologue gene has been identified in the genome of Pseudomonas putida, however, little is known about its cellular function. In this work, we investigated ligand response properties of this CRP protein (CRP P. putida ). The results showed that in the presence of exogenous cAMP or cGMP, CRP P. putida can activate the lac promoter in E. coli cya crp mutant. In vitro isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays indicated that CRP P. putida could bind cAMP as well as cGMP. Its affinity to cAMP is much higher than CRP E. coli . Sequence alignment of the CRP proteins suggested that the Thr132 of CRP P. putida (analogous to Ser128 of CRP E. coli ) could be the key determinant for all ligand responsive properties observed above. When Thr132 of CRP P. putida is mutated to Serine, two phenomena were observed: (i) its affinity to cAMP or cGMP was reduced to a level similar to CRP E. coli ; (ii) its transcriptional activation activity on E. coli lac promoter was diminished. The potential physiological implications of these ligand binding properties are discussed.
Keywords
Pseudomonas putida CRP cAMP high affinity cGMPReferences
- 1.Kolb A, Busby S, Buc H, et al. Transcriptional regulation by cAMP and its receptor protein. Annu Rev Biochem, 1993, 62: 749–795CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.West S E, Sample A K, Runyen-Janecky L J. The vfr gene product, required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and protease production, belongs to the cyclic AMP receptor protein family. J Bacteriol, 1994, 176: 7532–7542Google Scholar
- 3.Korner H, Sofia H J, Zumft W G. Phylogeny of the bacterial superfamily of Crp-Fnr transcription regulators: Exploiting the metabolic spectrum by controlling alternative gene programs. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2003, 27: 559–592CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Mao X J, Huo Y X, Buck M, et al. Interplay between CRP-cAMP and PII-Ntr systems forms novel regulatory network between carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res, 2007, 35: 1432–1440CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Grainger D C, Hurd D, Harrison M, et al. Studies of the distribution of Escherichia coli cAMP-receptor protein and RNA polymerase along the E. coli chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005, 102: 17693–17698Google Scholar
- 6.Ptashne M, Gann A. Transcriptional activation by recruitment. Nature, 1997, 386: 569–577CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Passner J M, Steitz T A. The structure of a CAP-DNA complex having two cAMP molecules bound to each monomer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997, 94: 2843–2847CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Harman J G. Allosteric regulation of the cAMP receptor protein. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2001, 1547: 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.De Crombrugghe B, Busby S, Buc H. Cyclic AMP receptor protein: Role in transcription activation. Science, 1984, 224: 831–838CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Busby S, West D, Lawes M, et al. Transcription activation by the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein. Receptors bound in tandem at promoters can interact synergistically. J Mol Biol, 1994, 241: 341–352Google Scholar
- 11.Tian Z X, Li Q S, Buck M, et al. The CRP-cAMP complex and downregulation of the glnAp2 promoter provides a novel regulatory linkage between carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol, 2001, 41: 911–924CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Popovych N, Tzeng S R, Tonelli M, et al. Structural basis for cAMP-mediated allosteric control of the catabolite activator protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106: 6927–6932CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Weinel C, Nelson K E, Tummler B. Global features of the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome sequence. Environ Microbiol, 2002, 4: 809–818CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Milanesio P, Arce-Rodriguez A, Munoz A, et al. Regulatory exaptation of the catabolite repression protein (Crp)-cAMP system in Pseudomonas putida. Environ Microbiol, 2011, 13: 324–339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Daniels C, Godoy P, Duque E, et al. Global regulation of food supply by Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E. J Bacteriol, 2010, 192: 2169–2181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Linder J U. cGMP production in bacteria. Mol Cell Biochem, 2010, 334: 215–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Leduc J L, Roberts G P. Cyclic di-GMP allosterically inhibits the CRP-like protein (Clp) of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. J Bacteriol, 2009, 191: 7121–7122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Tao F, He Y W, Wu D H, et al. The cyclic nucleotide monophosphate domain of Xanthomonas campestris global regulator Clp defines a new class of cyclic di-GMP effectors. J Bacteriol, 2010, 192: 1020–1029CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Marden J N, Dong Q, Roychowdhury S, et al. Cyclic GMP controls Rhodospirillum centenum cyst development. Mol Microbiol, 2011, 79: 600–615CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Baba T, Ara T, Hasegawa M, et al. Construction of Escherichia coli K-12 in-frame, single-gene knockout mutants: The Keio collection. Mol Syst Biol, 2006, 2: 2006–2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Nakazawa T. Travels of a Pseudomonas, from Japan around the world. Environ Microbiol, 2002, 4: 782–786CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Li Y, Sun Y C, Yan H Q, et al. Alternative split sites for fragment complementation, and glyphosate function as extra ligand and stabilizer for the AroA enzyme complexes. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 514–520CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Sambrook J, Russell D. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual.3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001Google Scholar
- 24.Miller J H. Experiments in Molecular Genetics. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1972Google Scholar
- 25.Gorshkova I, Moore J L, Mckenney K H, et al. Thermodynamics of cyclic nucleotide binding to the cAMP receptor protein and its T127L mutant. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270: 21679–21683CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Parkinson G, Wilson C, Gunasekera A, et al. Structure of the CAP-DNA complex at 2.5 angstroms resolution: A complete picture of the protein-DNA interface. J Mol Biol, 1996, 260: 395–408CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Hogema B M, Arents J C, Inada T, et al. Catabolite repression by glucose 6-phosphate, gluconate and lactose in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol, 1997, 24: 857–867CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Siegel L S, Hylemon P B, Phibbs P V Jr. Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels and activities of adenylate cyclase and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in Pseudomonas and Bacteroides. J Bacteriol, 1977, 129: 87–96Google Scholar
- 29.Phillips A T, Mulfinger L M. Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa during induction and carbon catabolite repression of histidase synthesis. J Bacteriol, 1981, 145: 1286–1292Google Scholar
- 30.Fuchs E L, Brutinel E D, Klem E R, et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase CpdA, required for cAMP homeostasis and virulence factor regulation. J Bacteriol, 2010, 192: 2779–2790CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.Weber I T, Steitz T A. Structure of a complex of catabolite gene activator protein and cyclic AMP refined at 2.5 Å resolution. J Mol Biol, 1987, 198: 311–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Lin S H, Lee J C. Communications between the high-affinity cyclic nucleotide binding sites in E. coli cyclic AMP receptor protein: Effect of single site mutations. Biochemistry, 2002, 41: 11857–11867CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Sharma H, Yu S, Kong J, et al. Structure of apo-CAP reveals that large conformational changes are necessary for DNA binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106: 16604–16609CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.Beatson S A, Whitchurch C B, Sargent J L, et al. Differential regulation of twitching motility and elastase production by Vfr in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol, 2002, 184: 3605–3613CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.Fuchs E L, Brutinel E D, Jones A K, et al. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vfr regulator controls global virulence factor expression through cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Bacteriol, 2010, 192: 3553–3564CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.Arce-Rodriguez A, Durante-Rodriguez G, Platero R, et al. The Crp regulator of Pseudomonas putida: Evidence of an unusually high affinity for its physiological effector, cAMP. Environ Microbiol, 2012, 14: 702–713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.Lee E J, Glasgow J, Leu S F, et al. Mutagenesis of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli: Targeting positions 83, 127 and 128 of the cyclic nucleotide binding pocket. Nucleic Acids Res, 1994, 22: 2894–2901CrossRefGoogle Scholar