Investigation on thermophysical properties of reactive powder concrete
- 368 Downloads
- 13 Citations
Abstract
The thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity and linear thermal expansion of reactive powder concrete (RPC) with different steel fiber volumetric fractions are investigated by means of high temperature tests. The thermophysical characteristics of RPC with different fiber volumes under different temperatures are analyzed and compared with those of the common high-strength concrete and high-performance concrete. The empirical relationships of thermophysical properties with temperature and fiber volume are identified. By the heat transfer and solid physics methods, the microscopic physical mechanism of heat transfer process and heat conduction properties of RPC are investigated, and the theoretical formulas of specific heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient are derived, respectively. The effects of temperature and steel fibers on the specific heat capacity and the thermal expansion coefficient are quantitatively analyzed and the discriminant conditions are provided. It is shown that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction.
Keywords
reactive powder concrete (RPC) thermophysical properties high temperature fiber reinforcement heat conduction specific heat capacity thermal expansion coefficientPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Yazici H, Yardimci M Y, Aydin S, et al. Mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete containing mineral admixtures under different curing regimes. Construc Building Mater, 2009, 23: 1223–1231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Tai Y S. Uniaxial compression tests at various loading rates for reactive powder concrete. Theore Appl Fract Mech, 2009, 52: 14–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Ju Y, Liu H B, Chen J, et al. Toughness and characterization of reactive powder concrete with ultra-high strength. Sci China Ser E-Tech Sci, 2009, 52: 1000–1018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Zhang Y, Sun W, Liu S F, et al. Preparation of C200 green reactive powder concrete and its static-dynamic behaviors. Cem Concr Comp, 2008, 30: 831–838CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Wang Y H, Wang Z D, Liang X Y, et al. Experimental and numerical studies on dynamic compressive behavior of reactive powder concretes. Acta Mech Solida Sinica, 2008, 21: 420–430MATHGoogle Scholar
- 6.Lee M G, Wang Y C, Chiu C T. A preliminary study of reactive powder concrete as a new repair material. Construc Building Mater, 2007, 21: 182–189CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Shaheen E, Shrive N G. Optimization of mechanical properties and durability of reactive powder concrete. ACI Mater J, 2006, 103: 444–451Google Scholar
- 8.Fujikake K, Senga T, Ueda N, et al. Study on impact response of reactive powder concrete beam and its analytical model. J Advan Concr Tech, 2006, 4: 99–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Yan G J, Yan G P, An M Z, et al. Experimental study on 200 MPa reactive powder concrete (in Chinese). J China Railway Society, 2004, 26: 116–119Google Scholar
- 10.Bayard O, Plé O. Fracture mechanics of reactive powder concrete: Material modelling and experimental investigations. Engng Fract Mech, 2003, 70: 839–851CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Blais P Y, Couture M. Precast, prestressed pedestrian bridge -World’s first reactive powder concrete structure. PCI J, 1999, 44: 60–71Google Scholar
- 12.Bonneau O, Lachemi M, Dallaire E, et al. Mechanical properties and durability of two industrial reactive powder concretes. ACI Mater J, 1997, 94: 286–290Google Scholar
- 13.Dugat J, Roux N, Bernier G. Mechanical properties of reactive powder concretes. Mater Struct, 1996, 29: 233–240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Roux N, Anreade C, Sanjuan M A. Experimental study of durability of reactive powder concretes. J Mater Civil Engng, 1996, 8: 1–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Richard P, Cheyrezy M. Composition of reactive powder concretes. Cem Concr Res, 1995, 25: 1501–1511CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Richard P, Cheyrezy M. Reactive powder concrete with high ductility and 200–800 MPa compressive strength. ACI SP144, 1994. 507–518Google Scholar
- 17.Mindeguia J, Pimienta P, Noumowé A, et al. Temperature, pore pressure and mass variation of concrete subjected to high temperature-Experimental and numerical discussion on spalling risk. Cem Concr Res, 2010, 40: 477–487CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.De Morais M V G, Pliya P, Noumowé A, et al. Contribution to the explanation of the spalling of small specimen without any mechanical restraint exposed to high temperature. Nucl Engng Design, 2010, 240: 2655–2663CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Ghandehari M, Behnood A, Khanzadi M. Residual mechanical properties of high-strength concretes after exposure to elevated temperatures. J Mater Civil Eng, 2010, 22: 59–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.He Z J, Song Y P. Triaxial strength and failure criterion of plain high-strength and high-performance concrete before and after high temperatures. Cem Concr Res, 2010, 40: 171–178CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Majoranaa C E, Salomonia V A, Mazzuccoa G, et al. An approach for modelling concrete spalling in finite strains. Math Comput Simulation, 2010, 80: 1694–1712MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Fu Y F, Li L C. Study on mechanism of thermal spalling in concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. Mater Struct, 2010, 44: 361–376CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Han C G, Han M C, Heo Y S. Improvement of residual compressive strength and spalling resistance of high-strength RC columns subjected to fire. Construc Build Mater, 2009, 23: 107–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Biolzi L, Cattaneo S, Rosati G. Evaluating residual properties of thermally damaged concrete. Cem Concr Compos, 2008, 30: 907–916CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Liu X, Ye G, Schutter D, et al. On the mechanism of polypropylene fibers in preventing fire spalling in self-compacting and high-performance cement paste. Cem Concr Res, 2008, 38: 487–499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Phan L T. Pore pressure and explosive spalling in concrete. Mater Struct, 2008, 41: 1623–1632CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Behnood A, Ziari H. Effects of silica fume addition and water to cement ratio on the properties of high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures. Cem Concr Comp, 2008, 30: 106–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Liu X, Yuan Y, Ye G, et al. Investigation on the mechanism of explosive spalling of high performance concrete at elevated temperatures (in Chinese). China Civil Eng J, 2008, 41: 61–68Google Scholar
- 29.Van der Heijden G H A, van Bijnen R M W, Pel L, et al. Moisture transport in heated concrete, as studied by NMR, and its consequences for fire spalling. Cem Concr Res, 2007, 37: 894–901CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.Qian C X, You Y K, Li M. Effect of high temperature on permeability of high strength concrete (in Chinese). J Southeast Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2006, 36: 283–287Google Scholar
- 31.Tenchev R T, Purnell P. An application of a damage constitutive model to concrete at high temperature and prediction of spalling. Int J Solids Struct, 2005, 42: 6550–6565MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Qian C X, You Y K. Measures for improving spalling resistance of high strength concrete exposed to fire (in Chinese). J Chin Ceram Society, 2005, 33: 846–852Google Scholar
- 33.Poon C S, Shui Z H, Lam L. Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures. Cem Concr Res, 2004, 34: 2215–2222CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.Li M, Qian C X, Sun W. Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete after fire. Cem Concr Res, 2004, 34: 1001–1005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.Gawin D, Pesavento F, Schrefler B A. Modelling of hygro-thermal behaviour and damage of concrete at temperature with thermochemical and mechanical material degradation. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 2003, 192: 1731–1771MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.Ali F. Is high strength concrete more susceptible to explosive spalling than normal strength concrete in fire? Fire Mater, 2002, 26: 127–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.Hertz K D. Limits of spalling of fire-exposed concrete. Fire Safety J, 2003, 38: 103–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.Kalifa P, Chéné G, Gallé C. High-temperature behavior of HPC with polypropylene fibers: From spalling to micros-tructure. Cem Concr Res, 2001, 31: 1487–1499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 39.Phan L T, Lawson J R, Davis F L. Effects of elevated temperature exposure on heating characteristics, spalling, and residual properties of high performance concrete. Mater Struct, 2001, 34: 83–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 40.Kalifa P, Menneteau F, Quenard D. Spalling and pore pressure in HPC at high temperatures. Cem Concr Res, 2000, 30: 1915–1927CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 41.Sun W, Luo X, Chan S. High temperature properties of high performance concrete. J Building Mater, 2000, 3: 27–32Google Scholar
- 42.Ulm F J, Coussy O, Bazant Z P. The “Chunnel” fire: I. Chemoplastic softening in rapidly heated concrete. J Eng Mech, 1999, 125: 272–282CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 43.Nemati K M, Monteiro P J M, Cook N G W. A new method for studying stress-induced microcracks in concrete. J Mater Civil Eng, 1998, 10: 128–134CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 44.Bazant Z P. Analysis of pore pressure, thermal stresses and fracture in rapidly heated concrete. In: Proc Int Workshop on Fire Performance of High-strength Concrete, NIST Spec Publ 919. Phan L T, Carino N J, Duthinh D, et al., eds. Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. 155–164Google Scholar
- 45.Anderberg Y. Spalling phenomena of HPC and OC. In: Proc Int Workshop on Fire Performance of High-strength Concrete, NIST Spec Pub 919. Phan L T, Carino N J, Duthinh D, et al., eds. Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. 69–73Google Scholar
- 46.Lin W M, Lin T D, Powers-Couche L J. Microstructures of fire damaged concrete. ACI Mater J, 1996, 93: 199–205Google Scholar
- 47.Connolly R J. The Spalling of Concrete in Fires. Dissertation of Doctoral Degree. Birmingham: Aston University, 1995Google Scholar
- 48.Kristensen L, Hansen T C. Cracks in concrete core due to fire or thermal heating shock. ACI Mater J, 1994, 91: 453–459Google Scholar
- 49.Sanjayan G, Stocks L J. Spalling of high-strength silica fume concrete in fire. ACI Mater J, 1993, 90: 170–173Google Scholar
- 50.Dougill J W. Modes of failure of concrete panels exposed to high temperatures. Mag Concr Res, 1972, 24: 71–76Google Scholar
- 51.Shorter G W, Harmathy T Z. Discussion on the fire resistance of prestressed concrete beams. Proc Inst Civil Engrs, 1961, 20: 313Google Scholar
- 52.Tai Y S, Pan H H, Kung Y N. Residual strength and deformation of steel fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete after elevated temperature. J CICHE, 2010, 22: 43–54Google Scholar
- 53.Liu C T, Huang J S. Fire performance of highly flowable reactive powder concrete. Construc Build Mater, 2009, 23: 2072–2079CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 54.Yang S W, Liu L M, Wang Y W, et al. SHPB experiment of steel fiber reactive powder concrete exposed to high temperature. J Si Chuan Univ (Eng Sci Ed), 2010, 42: 25–29Google Scholar
- 55.Liu H B, Li K L, Ju Y, et al. Explosive spalling of steel fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete subject to high temperature (in Chinese). Concr, 2010, 8: 6–8Google Scholar
- 56.Ali F, Nadjai A, Choi S. Numerical and experimental investigation of the behavior of high strength concrete columns in fire. Engng Struct, 2010, 32: 1236–1243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 57.Feist C, Matthias A, Günter H. Numerical simulation of the load-carrying behavior of RC tunnel structures exposed to fire. Finite Elem Analy Des, 2009, 45: 958–965CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 58.Amina M N, Kima J S, Leeb Y, et al. Simulation of the thermal stress in mass concrete using a thermal stress measuring device. Cem Concr Res, 2009, 39: 154–164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 59.Di Luzioa G, Cusati G. Hygro-thermo-chemical modeling of high performance concrete. I: Theory. Cem Concr Comp, 2009, 31: 301–308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 60.Di Luzioa G, Cusati G. Hygro-thermo-chemical modeling of high-performance concrete. II: Numerical implementation, calibration, and validation. Cem Concr Comp, 2009, 31: 309–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 61.Kamen A, Denariéa E, Sadoukia H, et al. Thermomechanical response of UHPFRC at early age — Experimental study and numerical simulation. Cem Concr Res, 2008, 38: 822–831CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 62.Fu Y F, Wong Y L, Poon C S, et al. Numerical tests of thermal cracking induced by temperature gradient in cement-based composites under thermal loads. Cem Concr Comp, 2007, 29: 103–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 63.Li X K, Li R T, Schrefler B A. A coupled chemo-thermo- hydromechanical model of concrete at high temperature and failure analysis. Int J Num Analy Meth Geomech, 2006, 30: 635–681MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 64.Chung J H, Consolazioa G R, McVay M C. Finite element stress analysis of a reinforced high-strength concrete column in severe fires. Comp Struct, 2006, 84: 1338–1352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 65.Sengula O, Azizi S, Karaosmanoglu F, et al. Effect of expanded perlite on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete. Energy Buildings, 2011, 43: 671–676CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 66.Xiao J Z, Song Z W, Zhang F. An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete (in Chinese). J Building Mater, 2010, 13: 17–21Google Scholar
- 67.Smith J T, Tighe S L. Recycled concrete aggregate coefficient of thermal expansion: Characterization, variability, and impacts on pavement performance. Trans Res Rec, 2009, 2113: 53–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 68.Uygunoǧlu T, Topçu I B. Thermal expansion of self-consolidating normal and lightweight aggregate concrete at elevated temperature. Construc Building Mater, 2009, 23: 3063–3069CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 69.Noumowe A, Siddique R, Ranc G. Thermo-mechanical characteristics of concrete at elevated temperatures up to 310°C. Nucl Engng Des, 2009, 23: 470–476CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 70.Qian C X, Zhu C F. Influence of mineral admixtures and Air-Entraining agent on thermal expansion property of Cement-based materials. J Building Mater, 2009, 12: 310–314Google Scholar
- 71.Zhang F. An Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity of Concrete (in Chinese). Dissertation of Masteral Degree. Shanghai: Tong Ji University, 2009Google Scholar
- 72.Wang W. Study on Thermal Expansion and Thermal Conductivity of Ultra High Toughness Cementitious Composites (in Chinese). Dissertation of Masteral Degree. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2009Google Scholar
- 73.Shahiq K M, Prasad J, Suman B M. Thermal properties of high volume fly ash concrete. Indian J Concr, 2008, 82: 35–40Google Scholar
- 74.Mňahončáková E, Pavlíková M, Grzeszczyk S, et al. Hydric, thermal and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete containing different fillers. Construc Building Mater, 2008, 22: 1594–1600CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 75.Childs P, Wong A C L, Gowripalan N, et al. Measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion of ultra-high strength cementitious composites using fiber optic sensors. Cem Concr Res, 2007, 37: 789–795CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 76.Yao W, Zhen X. Effect of mix proportion on coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (in Chinese). J Tong Ji Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2007, 35: 77–87Google Scholar
- 77.Bijan A Z, Lars B, Ulf W. Using the TPS method for determining the thermal properties of concrete and wood at elevated temperature. Fire Mater, 2006, 30: 359–369CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 78.Won M. Improvements of testing procedures for concrete coefficient of thermal expansion. Trans Res Rec, 2005, 1919: 23–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 79.Joseph L, Donath M. New measurement of thermal properties of superpave asphalt concrete. J Mater Civil Engng, 2005, 17: 72–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 80.ERMCO. The European guidelines for self-compacting concrete specification, production and use. The European Readymix Concrete Organization, 2005. 10–68Google Scholar
- 81.Rodur V K R, Sultan M A. Effect of temperature on thermal properties of high-strength concrete. J Mater Civil Engng, 2003, 15: 101–107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 82.Dos Santos W N. Effect of moisture and porosity on the thermal properties of a conventional refractory concrete. J Eur Ceram Soc, 2003, 23: 745–755CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 83.Li Q B, Yuan L B, Ansari F. Model for measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of concrete by fiber optic sensor. Int J Solids Struct, 2002, 39: 2927–2937MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 84.Shin K Y, Kim S B, Kim J H, et al. Thermo-physical properties and transient heat transfer of concrete at elevated temperatures. Nucl Engng Des, 2002, 212: 233–241CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 85.VanGeem M G, Gajda J, Dombrowski K. Thermal properties of commercially available high-strength concretes. Cem Concr Aggreg, 1997, 19: 38–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 86.Vodák F, Černý R, DrchaIová J, et al. Thermo-physical properties of concrete for nuclear-safety related structures. Cem Concr Res, 1997, 27: 415–426CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 87.Neville A M. Properties of Concrete. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995Google Scholar
- 88.Shah P, Ahmad S H. High Performance Concretes and Applications. 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE, 1994. 141–374Google Scholar
- 89.HoffG C. High strength lightweight concrete for Arctic applications — Part2, ACI Symp Performance of Lightweight Concrete. Dallas, Texas, 1991. SP 136–2Google Scholar
- 90.Marshall A L. The thermal properties of concrete. Building Sci, 1972, 7: 167–174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 91.Cheyrezy M, Maret V, Frouin L. Microstructural analysis of RPC (reactive powder concrete). Cem Concr Res, 1995, 25: 1491–1500CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 92.Ju Y, Jia Y D, Liu H B, et al. Mesomechanism of steel fiber reinforcement and toughening of reactive powder concrete. Sci China Ser E-Tech Sci, 2007, 50: 815–832CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 93.Liu H B. Preparation Technology and Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete (in Chinese). Dissertation of Masteral Degree. Beijing: China University of Mining and Technology, 2006Google Scholar
- 94.Yu F, Zhang X X, Gao G N. Thermal conductivity measurement o f semitransparent solids by Hot-wire technique. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 1998, 19: 112–118Google Scholar
- 95.Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Refractory Materials-Determination of Thermal Conductivity-Hot-wire Method GB/T 5990-2006 (in Chinese). Beijing: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the People’s Republic of China, 2006Google Scholar
- 96.Wang D, Sun X H, Zhao W P, et al. Principle and method of refractory thermal conductivity measurement by laser flash method. Meas Testing Tech, 2009, 36: 38–39Google Scholar
- 97.Parker W J, Jenkins R J, Butler C P. Flash method of determining thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity. J Appl Phys, 1961, 32: 1679–1684CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 98.Turcotte D L, Schubert G. Geodynamics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 171–174Google Scholar
- 99.Lu Z D. A Research on Fire Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams (in Chinese). Dissertation of Doctoral Degree. Shanghai: Tong Ji University, 1989Google Scholar
- 100.Jia D C, Song G M. Properties of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Publishing House, 2008Google Scholar
- 101.Incropera F P, Dewitt D P, Lavine A S, et al. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002Google Scholar
- 102.Zhao Z N. Heat Transfer (in Chinese). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2002Google Scholar
- 103.Touloukian Y S, Powell R W, Ho C Y, et al. Thermophysical Properties of Matter — The TPRC Data Series. V1, Thermal Conductivity — Metallic Elements and Alloys. New York: IFI/Plenum, 1970Google Scholar
- 104.Hu A, Zang W Y. Solid State Physics (in Chinese). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008Google Scholar
- 105.Shankar R. Principles of Quantum Mechanics. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 1994MATHGoogle Scholar
- 106.Ashcroft N W, Mermin N D. Solid State Physics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976Google Scholar
- 107.Sun J, Bai Y Z, Yang T P, et al. Growth and electrical properties of zno films deposited on freestanding thick diamond films. J Jilin Univ (Sci Ed), 2007, 45: 822–826Google Scholar
- 108.Sheng G H. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete under Impact Loading (in Chinese). Dissertation of Masteral Degree. Beijing: China University of Mining &Technology, 2009Google Scholar
- 109.ASTM. Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis E 831, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, 2000Google Scholar