Journal of Soils and Sediments

, Volume 12, Issue 10, pp 1581–1592 | Cite as

Potential contaminant release from agricultural soil and dredged sediment following managed realignment

  • Margaret Kadiri
  • Kate L. Spencer
  • Catherine M. Heppell
IASWS 2011: THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEDIMENTS AND WATER
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Purpose

Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the potential for metal (Cu, Ni and Zn) and herbicide (simazine, atrazine and diuron) release from agricultural soil and dredged sediment in managed realignment sites following tidal inundation.

Materials and methods

Column microcosm and batch sorption experiments were carried out at low (5 practical salinity units, psu) and high (20 psu) salinity to evaluate the changes in the partitioning of metals and herbicides between the soil/sediment and the aqueous phase, and the release of metals and herbicides from soil/sediment to the overlying water column.

Results and discussion

For both the metals and herbicides, the highest contaminant loads were released from the sediment within the first 24 h of inundation suggesting that any negative impacts to overlying water quality in a managed realignment scheme will be relatively short term following tidal inundation of soil and sediment. The release of metals was found to be dependent on a combination of salinity effects and the strength of binding of the metals to the soil and sediment. In the case of the herbicides, salinity impacted on their release. Particulate organic carbon was found to control the binding and release of the herbicides, highlighting the importance of assessing soil and sediment organic matter content when planning managed realignment sites.

Conclusions

Our research demonstrates that metals and herbicides may be released from contaminated sediments and agricultural soils during initial periods of flooding by seawater in managed realignment sites.

Keywords

Herbicides Managed realignment Metals Sediment Soil Tidal inundation 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Supplementary material

11368_2012_568_MOESM1_ESM.doc (276 kb)
ESM1 (DOC 273 kb)

References

  1. Alloway BJ (1995) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie Academic & Professional, LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Andrews JE, Burgess D, Cave RR, Coombes EG, Jickells TD, Parkes DJ, Turner RK (2006) Biogeochemical value of managed realignment, Humber estuary UK. Sci Total Environ 371:19–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Barkowski JW, Kolbitz K, Brumsack H, Freund H (2009) The impact of tidal inundation on saltmarsh vegetation after de-embankment on Lahgeoog Island, Germany—six years series of permanent plots. J Coast Conser 13:185–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Bettinelli M, Beone GM, Spezia S, Baffi C (2000) Determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments by microwave-assisted digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analysis. Anal Chim Acta 424:289–296CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Blackwell MSA, Hogan DV, Maltby E (2004) The short-term impact of managed realignment on soil environmental variables and hydrology. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 59:687–701CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Blackwell MSA, Yamulki S, Bol R (2010) Nitrous oxide production and denitrification rates in estuarine intertidal saltmarsh and managed realignment. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 87:591–600CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Brusseau ML, Jessup RE, Rao PSC (1991) Nonequilibrium sorption of organic-chemicals—elucidation of rate-limiting processes. Environ Sci Technol 25:134–142CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Burton ED, Phillips IR, Hawker DW (2006) Factors controlling the geochemical partitioning of trace metals in estuarine sediments. Soil Sediment Con 15:253–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Calmano W, Ahlf W, Bening JC (1992) Chemical mobility and bioavailability of sediment-bound heavy-metals influenced by salinity. Hydrobiol 235:605–610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Cave RR, Andrews JE, Jickells T, Coombes EG (2005) A review of sediment contamination by trace metals in the Humber catchment and estuary, and the implications for future estuary water quality. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 62:547–557CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Christensen TH, Astrup T, Boddum JK, Ostergaard Hansen B, Redemann S (2000) Copper and zinc distribution coefficients for sandy aquifer materials. Water Res 34:709–712CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Comber SDW, Gardner MJ, Gunn AM, Whalley C (1996) Kinetics of trace metal sorption to estuarine suspended particulate matter. Chemosphere 33:1027–1040CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Comber SDW, Franklin G, Gardner MJ, Watts CD, Boxall AB, Howcroft J (2002) Partitioning of marine antifoulants in the marine environment. Sci Total Environ 286:61–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Craft CB, Reader JN, Sacco JN, Broome SW (1999) Twenty-five years of ecosystem development of constructed Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) marshes. Ecol Appl 9:1405–1409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Craft C, Broome S, Campbell C (2002) Fifteen years of vegetation and soil development after brackish-water marsh creation. Restor Ecol 10:248–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Crooks S, Pye K (2000) Sedimentological controls on the erosional loss of saltmarhses: implications for flood defence and habitat recreation. In: Pye K, Allem JRL (eds) Coastal and estuarine environments: sedimentology, geomorphology and geoarchaeology. Geol Soc, Bath, pp 207–222Google Scholar
  17. Day JW, Christian RR, Boesch DM, Morris JT, Twilley RR, Naylor L, Schaffner L, Stevenson C (2008) Consequences of climate change on the ecogeomorphology of coastal wetlands. Estuar Coasts 31:477–491CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Echeverria JC, Morera MT, Mazkiarin C, Garrido JJ (1998) Competitive sorption of heavy metal by soils. Isotherms and fractional factorial experiments. Environ Pollut 101:275–284CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Edwards KR, Proffitt CE (2003) Comparison of wetland structural characteristics between created and natural salt marshes in southwest Louisiana, USA. Wetlands 23:344–356CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Eggleton J, Thomas KV (2004) A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events. Environ Int 30:973–980CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Emmerson RHC, Scrimshaw MD, Birkett JW, Lester JN (2001) Solid phase partitioning of metals in managed realignment soils: laboratory studies in timed soil sea-water batch mixtures. Appl Geochem 16:1621–1630CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Environment Agency (2007) Managed realignment electronic platform. At: http://www.intertidalmanagement.co.uk/contents/index.htm. Accessed 4 August 2010
  23. Eskilsson CS, Bjorklund E (2000) Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr A 902:227–250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Fearnley S (2008) The soil physical and chemical properties of restored and natural back-barrier salt marsh on Isles Dernieres, Louisiana. J Coast Res 24:84–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Filgueiras AV, Lavilla I, Bendicho C (2002) Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples. J Environ Qual 4:823–857Google Scholar
  26. Fitzgerald DM, Fenster BA, Argow BA, Buynevich IV (2008) Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 36:601–647CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Fontecha-Camara MA, López-Ramón MV, Alvarez-Merino MA, Moreno-Castilla C (2006) Temperature dependence of herbicide adsorption from aqueous solutions on activated carbon fiber and cloth. Langmuir 22:9586–9590CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Forstner U, Wittmann GTW (1981) Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer, BerlinCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. French PW (2006) Managed realignment—the developing story of a comparatively new approach to soft engineering. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 67:409–423CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Gao JP, Maguhn J, Spitzauer P, Kettrup A (1998) Sorption of pesticides in the sediment of the Teufelsweiher pond (Southern Germany). II: competitive adsorption, desorption of aged residues and effect of dissolved organic carbon. Water Res 32:2089–2094CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Hazelden J, Boorman LA (2001) Soils and ‘managed retreat’ in South East England. Soil Use Manage 17:150–154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Heppell CM, Wharton G, Cotton JAC, Bass JAB, Roberts SE (2009) Sediment storage in the shallow hyporheic of lowland vegetated river reaches. Hydrol Process 23:2239–2251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. HSE (1993) Health and safety executive evaluation of fully approved or provisionally approved products: evaluation of atrazine (2) 71. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, York, UKGoogle Scholar
  34. Kadiri M, Spencer KL, Heppell CM, Fletcher P (2011) Sediment characteristics of a restored saltmarsh and mudflat in a managed realignment scheme in Southeast England. Hydrobiologia 672:79–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Laird DA, Yen PY, Koskinen WC, Steinheimer TR, Dowdy RH (1994) Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components. Environ Sci Technol 28:1054–1061CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Lewis S, Gardiner J (1996) Proposed environmental quality standards for diuron, linuron, chlorotoluron and isoproturon in water. Research and Development Note 439. Environment Agency, BristolGoogle Scholar
  37. Lu Y, Allen HE (2001) Partitioning of copper onto suspended particulate matter in river waters. Sci Total Environ 277:119–132CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. MacLeod CL, Scrimshaw MD, Emmerson RHC, Chang YH, Lester JN (1999) Geochemical changes in metal and nutrient loading at Orplands Farm managed retreat site, Essex, UK (April 1995–1997). Mar Pollut Bull 38:1115–1125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Margoum C, Guoy V, Madrigal I, Benoit P, Smith J, Johnson AC, Williams RJ (2001) Sorption properties of isoproturon and diflufenican on ditch bed sediments and organic matter rich materials from ditch, grassed strips and forest soils. British Crop Protection Council symposium proceedings, Pesticide Behaviour in Soils and Water, pp 183–188Google Scholar
  40. Mason CF, Underwood GJC, Baker NR (2003) The role of herbicides in the erosion of salt marshes in eastern England. Environ Pollut 122:41–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Millward GE, Liu YP (2003) Modelling metal desorption kinetics in estuaries. Sci Total Environ 314–316:613–623CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Millward GE, Turner A (1995) Trace elements in estuaries. In: Salbu B, Steinnes E (eds) Trace elements in natural waters. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 223–245Google Scholar
  43. Moreau-Kervevan C, Mouvet C (1998) Adsorption and desorption of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and hydroxyatrazine by soil components. J Environ Qual 27:46–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1996) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks DL, Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johnston CT, Simmer ME (eds) Methods of soil analysis, part 3: chemical methods. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 961–1010Google Scholar
  45. OECD (2000) OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals: adsorption-desorption using a batch equilibrium method, 106, OECD publications, ParisGoogle Scholar
  46. Paalman MAA, Vanderweijden CH, Loch JPG (1994) Sorption of cadmium on suspended matter under estuarine conditions—competition and complexation with major sea-water ions. Water Air Soil Pollut 73:49–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Pacakova V, Stulik K, Jiskra J (1996) High-performance separations in the determination of triazine herbicides and their residues. J Chromatogr A 754:17–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Phillips IR, Lamb DT, Hawker DW, Burton ED (2004) Effects of pH and salinity on copper, lead, and zinc sorption rates in sediments from Moreton Bay, Australia. B Environ Contam Tox 73:1041–1048CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Pignatello JJ, Xing BS (1996) Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles. Environ Sci Technol 30:1–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Riba I, Garcia-Luque E, Blasco J et al (2003) Bioavailability of heavy metals bound to estuarine sediments as a function of pH and salinity values. Chem Spec Bioavailab 15:101–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Rowell DL (1994) Soil science: methods and applications. Willey, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  52. Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM (2003) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  53. Selim HME, Amacher MC (2001) Sorption and release of heavy metals in soils: non-linear kinetics. In: Selim HME, Sparks D (eds) Heavy metals release in soils. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 1–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Seol Y, Lee LS (2001) Coupled effects of treated effluent irrigation and wetting-drying cycles on transport of triazines through unsaturated soil columns. J Environ Qual 30:1644–1652CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Shafer DJ, Streever WJ (2000) A comparison of 28 natural and dredged material salt marshes in Texas with an emphasis on geomorphological variables. Wetlands Ecol Manage 8:353–366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Simpson SL, Angel BM, Jolley DF (2004) Metal equilibration in laboratory-contaminated (spiked) sediments used for the development of whole-sediment toxicity tests. Chemosphere 54:597–609CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Spark KM, Swift RS (2002) Effect of soil composition and dissolved organic matter on pesticide sorption. Sci Total Environ 298:147–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Spencer KL (2002) Spatial variability of metals in the inter-tidal sediments of the Medway Estuary, Kent, UK. Mar Pollut Bull 44:933–944CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Turner A, Millward GE (2002) Suspended particles: their role in estuarine biogeochemical cycles. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 55:857–883CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Turner A, Nimmo M, Thuresson KA (1998) Speciation and sorptive behaviour of nickel in an organic-rich estuary (Beaulieu, UK). Mar Chem 63:105–118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Usman ARA (2008) The relative adsorption selectivities of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni by soils developed on shale in New Valley, Egypt. Geoderma 144:334–343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Van der Bruggen B, Schaep J, Maes W, Wilms D, Vandecasteele C (1998) Nanofiltration as a treatment method for the removal of pesticides from ground waters. Desalination 117:139–147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. VanLoon G, Duffy SJ (2000) Environmental chemistry: a global perspective. Oxford University Press, OxfordGoogle Scholar
  64. Voulvoulis N, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN (2002) Partitioning of selected antifouling biocides in the aquatic environment. Mar Environ Res 53:1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Wang KJ, Xing BS (2002) Adsorption and desorption of cadmium by goethite pretreated with phosphate. Chemosphere 48:665–670CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Weber JB, Wilkerson GG, Linker HM, Wilcut JW, Leidy RB, Senseman S, Witt WW, Barrett M, Vencill WK, Shaw DR, Mueller TC, Miller DK, Brecke BJ, Talbert RE, Peeper TF (2000) A proposal to standardize soil/solution herbicide distribution coefficients. Weed Science 48:75–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. Wu SC, Gschwend PM (1986) Sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic-compounds to natural sediments and soils. Environ Sci Technol 20:717–725CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • Margaret Kadiri
    • 1
  • Kate L. Spencer
    • 2
  • Catherine M. Heppell
    • 2
  1. 1.School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
  2. 2.School of Geography, Queen MaryUniversity of LondonLondonUK

Personalised recommendations