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Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats

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Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the bioactive phytochemicals in Salvia officinalis essential oil, to determine the polyphenols in the aqueous extract (SOE), and to evaluate their protective role against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of female rats were treated orally for 2 weeks including the control group, CdCl2-treated group, SOE-treated groups at low or high dose (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w), and CdCl2 plus SOE-treated groups at the two doses. The GC-MS analysis identified 39 compounds; the main compounds were 9-octadecenamide, eucalyptol, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. However, the HPLC analysis showed 12 polyphenolic compounds and the majority were coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, coffeic acid, catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin. In the biological study, rats received CdCl2 displayed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (T. Bil), direct bilirubin (D. Bil), creatinine, uric acid, and urea, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and CEA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), gene expressions, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue. SOE showed a potent antioxidant and mitigated these alterations in serum and tissue. Moreover, the high dose succeeded to normalize most of the tested parameters and histological features. It could be concluded that S. officinalis is a promising source for bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits against environmental toxicants.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The codes used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, project # 12050305.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt

    Hanan M. Rashwan & Hagar E. Mohammed

  2. Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Aziza A. El-Nekeety, Zeinab K Hamza & Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab

  3. Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Sekena H. Abdel-Aziem

  4. Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Nabila S. Hassan

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  6. Nabila S. Hassan
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  7. Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
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Contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors HM Rashwan, HE Mohammed, AA El-Nekeety, and ZK Hamza carried out the experimental work and the biochemical analysis. Author SH Abdel-Azeim carried out the genetic analysis. Author NS Hassan carried out the histological part. Author MA Abdel-Wahhab wrote the protocol, managed the project, managed the analyses of the study, performed the statistical analysis, and wrote the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab.

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Ethics approval

The protocol of the current study was approved by the ethics Animal Care and Use Committee of the National research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (approval # 12050305/2019).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

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Rashwan, .M., Mohammed, H.E., El-Nekeety, A.A. et al. Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68498–68512 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15407-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15407-y

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