Abstract
Tianbao reservoir in southern China (surrounded by Eucalyptus plantation) serves as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants. However, the reservoir water experiences black water (BW) of which the cause remains unclear. In this study, field observation and simulated laboratory experiment were conducted to understand the cause of the BW. The diffusive gradient in thin-film (DGT) device monitored the spatial changes in concentration of iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), sulfide (S2−), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the SWI. The planar optode (PO) showed that hypoxia contributed immensely to the high positive fluxes Fe2+, Mn2+, and S2− measured, which co-precipitated to form black materials (FeS and MnS) at the SWI. The co-precipitation between Fe–S and Mn–S was supported by their significant positive correlation (Fe–S: r > 0.05, p < 0.05, Mn–S: r > 0.2, p < 0.05). Significant reduction (p < 0.05) in tannins concentration from November (strong thermal stratification) to December (weak thermal stratification) indicated that Fe2+ and tannins reacted during the mixing of reservoir water in December due to weak stratification. The simulated experiment confirmed that fresh Eucalyptus leaves produces a significant (p < 0.05) amount of tannins during hypoxia and reacts with Fe2+ to produce black water. A high positive correlation (r > 0.8) between Fe2+ and DOC demonstrated that Fe2+ and DOC combined and contributed to the reservoir water blackening. The study provides a better understanding on the impact of Eucalyptus plantation on water quality and provide guidance for scientific planting of Eucalyptus plantation in reservoir basins in southern China to ensure safe drinking water.
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Acknowledgments
The research was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0405203, 2016YFC0401703) and Chinese National Science Foundation (51779072, 51579071, 51539003, 51569006). Further support came from the National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (No. 51421006); the program of Dual Innovative Talents Plan and Innovative Research Team in Jiangsu Province; the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Further support came from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (B200204014).
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Luo, F., Li, Y., Norgbey, E. et al. A study on the occurrence of black water in reservoirs in Eucalyptus Plantation region. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 34927–34940 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09613-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09613-3