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Effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Iranian adults: an ecologic study

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Abstract

Air pollution is considered as an environmental risk to health worldwide. Current evidence is mostly from Western populations exposed to lower levels of pollutants. This study was to explore the association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension prevalence with exposure to high levels of air pollution in Iranian adults. The air pollution data were obtained from the air quality monitoring stations of five large cities in Iran from 2006 to 2011. The air quality monitoring stations could only detect ambient particulate matter_10 (PM10) during the study period; therefore, the average PM10 concentration was considered for comparison. We grouped the cities as group 1 (Tehran, Shiraz) with PM10 concentration < 100 μg/m3, and group 2 (Kermanshah, Ahwaz, Esfahan) with PM10 concentration > 100 μg/m3. Data from the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (SuRFNCD) study were used to calculate the prevalence of T2D and hypertension. We assessed the association between air pollution and the prevalence of T2D using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI for each outcome were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and other covariates. The 5-year average of PM10 concentration was higher in group 2 (120.15 ± 6.81 μg/m3) compared to group 1 (83.95 ± 7.81 μg/m3). The prevalence of T2D in group 2 was 13.8%, while it was 10.7% in group 1 (p = 0.01), OR = 1.32 (95% CI 1.03–1.69). Similarly, hypertension was more prevalent in group 2 (15.7 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.005, OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.20–1.99). PM10 is associated with higher prevalence of T2D and hypertension in Iranian adults.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Institute for Environmental Research (IER) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant number 94-01-46-28835) and Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Iran University of Medical Sciences (grant number 94-01-12-25486).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand & Kazem Naddafi

  2. Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mojtaba Malek

  3. Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ameneh Ebrahim Valojerdi & Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh

  4. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohanad Mirzadeh

  5. Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Management, Deputy for Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

    Tahereh Samavat, Alireza Mahdavi Hezaveh & Alieh Hodjatzadeh

  6. No. 10, Firoozeh St., South Vali-asr Ave., Vali-asr Sq., Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh

Authors
  1. Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
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  2. Kazem Naddafi
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  3. Mojtaba Malek
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  4. Ameneh Ebrahim Valojerdi
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  5. Mohanad Mirzadeh
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  6. Tahereh Samavat
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  7. Alireza Mahdavi Hezaveh
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  8. Alieh Hodjatzadeh
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  9. Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh
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Correspondence to Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Hassanvand, M.S., Naddafi, K., Malek, M. et al. Effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Iranian adults: an ecologic study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 1713–1718 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0561-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0561-6

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