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Spatio-temporal variability of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Rhône River delta and the Fos-Marseille marine area (NW Mediterranean Sea, France)

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Abstract

The spatio-temporal variability of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) and its relationships with physical (temperature, salinity) and chemical (nutrients, chlorophyll a, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) parameters were investigated in inland waters of the Rhône River delta and the Fos-Marseille marine area (northwestern Mediterranean, France). Samples were taken approximately twice per month in two inland sites and three marine sites from February 2011 to January 2012. FDOM was analysed using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). In inland waters, humic-like components C1 (λEx/λEm: 250 (330)/394 nm) and C3 (λEx/λEm: 250 (350)/454 nm) dominated over one tryptophan-like component C2 (λEx/λEm: 230 (280)/340 nm), reflecting a background contribution of terrigenous material (~67% of total fluorescence intensity, in quinine sulphate unit (QSU)) throughout the year. In marine waters, protein-like material, with tyrosine-like C4 (λEx/λEm: <220 (275)/<300 nm) and tryptophan-like C5 (λEx/λEm: 230 (280)/342 nm), dominated (~71% of total fluorescence intensity, in QSU) over a single humic-like component C6 (λEx/λEm: 245 (300)/450 nm). In inland waters of the Rhône River delta, humic-like components C1 and C3 were more abundant in autumn-winter, very likely due to inputs of terrestrial organic matter from rainfalls, runoffs and wind-induced sediment resuspension. In marine sites, intrusions of the Berre Lagoon and Rhône River waters had a significant impact on the local biogeochemistry, leading to higher fluorescence intensities of humic- and protein-like components in spring-summer. On average, the fluorescence intensities of FDOM components C4, C5 and C6 increased by 33–81% under lower salinity. This work highlights the complex dynamics of FDOM in coastal waters and confirms the link between marine FDOM and the Rhône River freshwater intrusions on larger spatial and temporal scales in the Fos-Marseille marine area.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Antédon 2 for their help during the sampling. We warmly thank C. Pinazo for providing satellite maps and Chritophe Yohia (OSU Pytheas) for providing Meteorological data. We acknowledge the MOOSE program (Mediterranean Oceanic Observing System on Environment) for additional rain fall and Rhône flow data. We thank D. Lefèvre and A. Robert for the use of the Shimadzu spectrophotometer as well as the core parameter analytical platform (PAPB) of the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) for performing chemical analyses. Two anonymous Reviewers are acknowledged for their relevant comments and corrections, which contributed to improve the quality of this manuscript. This study is part of the ‘IBISCUS’ research project that was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)—ECOTECH program (project ANR-09-ECOT-009-01). This work also contributes to the Work Package 3 of the CNRS-INSU MISTRALS ‘MERMEX’ project.

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  1. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France

    Nicolas Ferretto, Marc Tedetti, Catherine Guigue, Patrick Raimbault & Madeleine Goutx

  2. Laboratoire PROTEE, Université de Toulon, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France

    Stéphane Mounier

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  1. Nicolas Ferretto
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Correspondence to Marc Tedetti.

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Ferretto, N., Tedetti, M., Guigue, C. et al. Spatio-temporal variability of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Rhône River delta and the Fos-Marseille marine area (NW Mediterranean Sea, France). Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 4973–4989 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8255-z

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