Environmental Science and Pollution Research

, Volume 24, Issue 1, pp 103–115 | Cite as

Is lithium biologically an important or toxic element to living organisms? An overview

  • Babar Shahzad
  • Mudassar Niaz Mughal
  • Mohsin Tanveer
  • Dorin Gupta
  • Ghazanfar Abbas
Review Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Industrialized world is exposing living organisms to different chemicals and metals such as lithium (Li). Due to their use in common household items to industrial applications, it is imperative to examine their bioavailability. Lithium belongs to the group IA and also has wider uses such as in batteries, air conditioners to atomic reactors. Lithium occurs naturally in soil and water, mostly at low concentrations, and enters the food chain. It is not one of the essential minerals though various studies indicate that low levels of Li have beneficial effects on living organisms, whereas high levels expose them to toxicity and related detrimental effects. This review suggests that Li could be biologically important to living organism depending upon its concentration/exposure. Little is known about its biological importance and molecular understanding of its accumulation and mode of action, which might have future implications for Li’s long-term effects on living organisms.

Keywords

Biology Food chain Metal Lithium Living organism 
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Babar Shahzad
    • 1
  • Mudassar Niaz Mughal
    • 2
  • Mohsin Tanveer
    • 3
  • Dorin Gupta
    • 4
  • Ghazanfar Abbas
    • 5
  1. 1.Department of AgronomyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
  2. 2.State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
  3. 3.School of Land and FoodUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
  4. 4.Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
  5. 5.The Equine CentreSan Luis ObispoUSA

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