Environmental Science and Pollution Research

, Volume 23, Issue 11, pp 11085–11099 | Cite as

Mass size distribution and source identification of particulate matter metal components at four urban sites and a background site of Istanbul

Research Article
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Abstract

In this study, the size distribution characteristics and metal contents of particulate matter (PM) have been determined. In this scope, PM sampling has been done at five stations in Istanbul. PM filter samples were collected for eight different sizes using the Anderson cascade impactor. PM filters were decomposed and analyzed for 20 metals. The highest median concentration for Fe, Ca, K, and Mg, known as soil metals, were observed as follows: Fe and Ca were observed at Goztepe station (1.20 and 8.28 μg/m3), K was observed at Kilyos station (0.33 μg/m3), and Mg was observed at Avcilar station (0.37 μg/m3). The highest median concentrations for Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, V, As, Se, Co, and Cd, known as anthropogenic metals, were observed at Avcilar, Goztepe, and Besiktas stations. Although the lowest metal concentrations was determined at Kilyos stations that was selected as the urban background. The enrichment factors (EFs) of most metals in the fine PM is higher than those in the coarse mode. According to the factor analyses, the most important emission source was observed to be industrial facilities at Avcilar; traffic at Besiktas; traffic and domestic heating at Goztepe; and domestic heating, sea salt aerosols, and ship traffic (in the Bosphorus Channel of Istanbul) at Rasathane.

Keywords

Particulate matter Size distribution Metals Enrichment factor Sources Istanbul 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with project no 107Y161 and the Research Fund of the Istanbul University with project no T-3783 and UDP-29334 for financially supporting our study.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ülkü Alver Şahin
    • 1
  • Gülfem Polat
    • 1
  • Burcu Onat
    • 1
  1. 1.Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering FacultyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey

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