Environmental Science and Pollution Research

, Volume 22, Issue 6, pp 4491–4499 | Cite as

Electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of herbicide MCPA and its metabolite 4-chloro-2-methylphenol. Application to photodegradation environmental monitoring

  • V. Rahemi
  • J. M. P. J. Garrido
  • F. Borges
  • C. M. A. Brett
  • E. M. P. J. Garrido
Research Article
First Online:
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Accepted:

Abstract

The development and application of a polyaniline/carbon nanotube (CNT) cyclodextrin matrix (PANI-β-CD/MWCNT)-based electrochemical sensor for the quantitative determination of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and its main transformation product 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in natural waters are described. A simple cyclic voltammetry-based electrochemical methodology, in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.0, was used to develop a method to determine both MCPA and 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, without any previous extraction or derivatization steps. A linear concentration range (10 to 50 μmol L−1) and detection limits of 1.1 and 1.9 μmol L−1, respectively, were achieved using optimized cyclic voltammetric parameters. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of MCPA and 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in natural water samples with satisfactory recoveries (94 to 107 %) and in good agreement with the results obtained by an established high-performance liquid chromatography technique, no significant differences being found between the methods. Interferences from ionic species and other herbicides used for broad-leaf weed control were shown to be small. The newly developed methodology was also successfully applied to MCPA photodegradation environmental studies.

Keywords

Herbicides MCPA 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol Voltammetric sensor Carbon nanotubes 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

Financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia FCT/MCTES project PTDC/AGR-AAM/105044/2008, National Funds PIDDAC also co-financed by the European Community Fund FEDER through COMPETE–Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC), is gratefully acknowledged.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • V. Rahemi
    • 1
  • J. M. P. J. Garrido
    • 1
    • 2
  • F. Borges
    • 2
  • C. M. A. Brett
    • 3
  • E. M. P. J. Garrido
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP)Politécnico do PortoPortoPortugal
  2. 2.CIQ/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
  3. 3.Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

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