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Chitosan-induced antiviral activity and innate immunity in plants

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Abstract

Immunity represents a trait common to all living organisms, and animals and plants share some similarities. Therefore, in susceptible host plants, complex defence machinery may be stimulated by elicitors. Among these, chitosan deserves particular attention because of its proved efficacy. This survey deals with the antiviral activity of chitosan, focusing on its perception by the plant cell and mechanism of action. Emphasis has been paid to benefits and limitations of this strategy in crop protection, as well as to the potential of chitosan as a promising agent in virus disease control.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AMV:

Alfalfa mosaic virus

TBSV:

Bean/tomato bushy stunt virus

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

CERK1:

Chitin elicitor receptor-like kinase

CEBiP:

Chitin elicitor-binding protein

CHT:

Chitosan

CC:

Coiled-coil

DD:

Deacetylation degree

HAMPs or DAMPs:

Host- or damage-associated molecular patterns

HR:

Hypersensitive reaction

ISR:

Induced systemic resistance

TIR:

Interleukin-1 receptor

JA:

Jasmonic acid

LRR:

Leucine-rich repeat

LAR:

Local acquired resistance

MAPK activation:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MW:

Molecular weight

NPR1:

Non-expressor of PR-1

NB:

Nucleotide binding

PAMPs or MAMPs:

Pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns

PR-10:

Pathogenesis-related protein 10

PRRs:

Pattern recognition receptors

PD:

Polymerization degrees

PSTV:

Potato spindle tuber viroid

PVX:

Potato virus X

PCD:

Programmed death of plant cells

RaMV:

Radish mosaic virus

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RLKs:

Receptor-like kinases

RLPs:

Receptor-like proteins

SA:

Salicylic acid

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

TMV:

Tobacco mosaic virus

TNV:

Tobacco necrosis virus

TuMPV:

Turnip mosaic virus

BABA-IR:

β-Aminobutyric acid-induced resistance

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Acknowledgments

We apologize to the colleagues whose excellent studies have not been cited for brevity. MI is grateful to Dr. Andrea Kuthanova and Prof. Zdenek Opatrny (Department of Plant Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic).

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Marcello Iriti

  2. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Elena Maria Varoni

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  1. Marcello Iriti
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Correspondence to Marcello Iriti.

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Iriti, M., Varoni, E.M. Chitosan-induced antiviral activity and innate immunity in plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 2935–2944 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3571-7

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