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Spatial Distribution of Oil and Biostimulation Through the Rhizosphere of Leersia hexandra in Degraded Soil

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in rhizoplane and non-rhizosphere of Leersia hexandra, known as Japanese grass, the effect of oil on the aerial biomass of L. hexandra, the population of plant growth-regulating bacteria, and microbial respiration in rhizosphere and non-rhizospheric soil. Samples of rhizosphere and soil were collected at 14 points across a surface of 2.3 ha, layer 1 (0–15-cm depth), layer 2 (15–30 cm), and layer 3 (30–70 cm), to measure TPH (mg kg−1). The spatial distribution of TPH defined four study zones (Z): Z1: 1393, Z2: 3455, Z3: 5574, and Z4: 7544. TPH were higher in underlying layers in the four zones. Zone 2 produced the largest amount of aerial biomass; oil induced hormesis in the grass, but inhibited it at doses ≥5574. For the rhizosphere of L. hexandra, it was cut with a sterilized knife, stimulated the population of N-fixing and phosphorus solubilizing, heterotrophic bacteria, as well as microbial respiration (day 1, 14, 21, 42, and 63 after incubation) in the four zones. The population of the three groups of bacteria was more stimulated by weathered oil in rhizosphere soil, compared to non-rhizosphere soil and with control treatment, suggesting that the rhizosphere system of L. hexandra has the potential to bioestimulate beneficial microbial activity in unpolluted and polluted areas compared to non-rhizosphere soil. We recommend the use of L. hexandra to recover soils degraded by weathered oil in farms located in the Mexican humid tropics.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by funds from the Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas. The first author thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología of México for the scholarship 304522. We appreciate all the facilities provided by the owner of the land. Gratefully, we acknowledge the valuable corrections reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área Ambiental, Laboratorio de Microbiología Agrícola y Ambiental, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, Km 2 Periférico Carlos A. Molina. H., Cárdenas, Mexico, Tabasco, CP 86570

    N. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M. C. Rivera-Cruz & S. Salgado-García

  2. Cuerpo Académico Medio Ambiente y Energía. Programa Educativo Químico Farmacéutico Biología, Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Carretera Cárdenas-Huimanguillo km 2, Ranchería Paso y Playa. H., Cárdenas, Mexico, Tabasco, CP 86500

    A. Trujillo-Narcía

  3. Área de Microbiología de Suelos, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5 Montecillo, edo., Mexico, Mexico, CP 36230

    J. J. Almaráz-Suárez

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  1. N. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
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  2. M. C. Rivera-Cruz
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Correspondence to M. C. Rivera-Cruz.

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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, N., Rivera-Cruz, M.C., Trujillo-Narcía, A. et al. Spatial Distribution of Oil and Biostimulation Through the Rhizosphere of Leersia hexandra in Degraded Soil. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 319 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3030-9

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