Water Resources Management

, Volume 24, Issue 13, pp 3679–3700 | Cite as

An Alternative Rotational Delivery Schedule for Improved Performance of Reservoir-based Canal Irrigation System

  • Aditi Bhadra
  • Arnab Bandyopadhyay
  • Rajendra Singh
  • Narendra S. Raghuwanshi
Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Alternative delivery scheduling approaches were tried to overcome the problem of low efficiency in eastern Indian irrigation projects. The features of the existing delivery schedules in the Left Bank Feeder Canal (LBFC) system of Kangsabati irrigation project, located in the state of West Bengal, India, have been studied. Four simulation scenarios were considered in the study. These are (1) actual canal scheduling with original transplanting date (S1), (2) Integrated Reservoir-based Canal Irrigation Model (IRCIM) scheduling for usual transplanting date (S2), (3) IRCIM scheduling for 5 days advanced transplanting date (S3), and (4) IRCIM scheduling for 5 days lagged transplanting date (S4). An attempt was made to develop a year-independent alternative delivery schedule based on the analysis of 11 years simulation results with all the above scenarios. For maximum number of simulation years, model performance was better for paddy transplanted on July 24, three irrigations from the reservoir between transplanting and harvesting, and restricting the release to minimum rule curve (MRC), i.e., maintaining the stage on any day above the minimum stage actually found in 16 years period. Hence, it was proposed as the year-independent alternative delivery schedule. This alternative delivery schedule saved 18.36% irrigation water over actual schedules, but increased the crop evapotranspiration by 0.61%. The proposed alternative delivery schedule also considered both the expected dry spells as well as critical growth periods of the crop during the simulation period. Thus, it was recommended to adopt the alternative delivery schedule instead of existing delivery schedule in the future years for the LBFC system of Kangsabati irrigation project.

Keywords

Canal irrigation Reservoir operation Alternative delivery scheduling 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration—guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrig. and Drain. Paper 56, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, ItalyGoogle Scholar
  2. Bhadra A, Bandyopadhyay A, Singh R, Raghuwanshi NS (2009) Integrated Reservoir-based Canal Irrigation Model (IRCIM)—I: description. ASCE J Irrig Drain 135(2):149–157. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2009)135:2(149) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Bos MG (1997) Performance indicators for irrigation and drainage. Irrig Drain Sys 11:137–199Google Scholar
  4. Chambers R (1988) Managing canal irrigation: practical analysis from South Asia. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
  5. Delft Hydraulics, DHV Consultants BV (1989) Cidurian upgrading and water management project: OMIS—notes on modelling concepts. User’s Manual, Jakarta, IndonesiaGoogle Scholar
  6. Doorenbos J, Pruitt WO (1977) Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. Irrig. and Drain. Paper 24, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, ItalyGoogle Scholar
  7. Hajilal MS, Rao NH, Sarma PBS (1998a) Planning intraseasonal water requirements in irrigation projects. Agric Water Manag 37:163–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Hajilal MS, Rao NH, Sarma PBS (1998b) Real time operation of reservoir based canal irrigation systems. Agric Water Manag 38:103–122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Haque MA, Najim MMM, Lee TS (2004) Modelling irrigation water delivery schedule for rice cultivation in east coast Malaysia. Trop Agric Res 16:204–213Google Scholar
  10. Hargreaves GH, Samani ZA (1985) Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Appl Eng Agric 1(2):96–99Google Scholar
  11. Islam A, Raghuwanshi NS, Singh R (2008) Development and application of hydraulic simulation model for irrigation canal network. J Irrig Drain Eng 134(1):49–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Jeyaseelan R (2004) Water resources development in India—an overview. National Conf. on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign—2004–2005. National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi, September 17, 2004. http://agricoop.nic.in/Rabi2004-05/WaterResources.ppt. Accessed on 08 November 2006
  13. Kemachandra RAD, Murty VVN (1992) Modelling irrigation deliveries for tertiary units in large irrigation systems. Agric Water Manag 21(3):197–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Khepar SD, Yadav AK, Sondhi SK, Siag M (2000) Water balance model for paddy fields under intermittent irrigation practices. Irrig Sci 19(4):199–208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Loof R, Paudyal GN, Maguerra HB (1991) Mathematical modelling of irrigation canal systems: state of the art. Monograph 2, Asian Inst. of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, ThailandGoogle Scholar
  16. Makin IW (1995) INCA: irrigation management software. In: Information technologies for irrigation systems. Network Newsletter, Int Irrig Mgmt Inst (IIMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka 2(1):22–24Google Scholar
  17. Malaterre PO (1995) Regulation of irrigation canals. Irrig Drain Sys 9(4):297–327CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Mandavia AB, Acharya KD (1995) Canal hydraulics and hydraulic simulation by mathematical models. In: Proc., Int. Conf. on Water and Energy, Central Board of Irrig. and Power (CBIP), vol 2. New Delhi, India, pp 552–568, 9–12 October 1995Google Scholar
  19. Mateos L, López-Cortijo I, Sagardoy JA (2002) SIMIS: the FAO decision support system for irrigation scheme management. Agric Water Manag 56:193–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Mishra A, Ghorai AK, Singh SR (1998) Rainwater, soil and nutrient conservation in rainfed rice lands in Eastern India. Agric Water Manag 38:45–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Mishra A, Anand A, Singh R, Raghuwanshi NS (2001) Hydraulic modeling of Kangsabati main canal for performance assessment. J Irrig Drain Eng 127(1):27–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Mishra A, Singh R, Raghuwanshi NS (2002) Alternative delivery scheduling for improved canal system performance. J Irrig Drain Eng 128(4):244–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Mishra A, Singh R, Raghuwanshi NS (2005) Development and application of an integrated optimization-simulation model for major irrigation projects. J Irrig Drain Eng 131(6):504–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Mishra A, Verma HC, Singh R (2008) Alternative rotational delivery scheduling for better water regime in canal command. J Irrig Drain Eng 134(2):175–184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Molden DJ, Gates TK (1990) Performance measures for evaluation of irrigation water delivery systems. J Irrig Drain Eng 116(6):804–823CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Molden DJ, Sakthivadial R, Perry C, de Fraiture C, Kloezen WH (1998). Indicators for comparing performance of irrigated agricultural systems. Res. Report 20, Int. Water Mgmt. Inst. (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka: 26Google Scholar
  27. Montazar A, Riazi H, Behbahani SM (2010) Conjunctive water use planning in an irrigation command area. Water Resour Manag 24(3):577–596CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Mualem Y (1976) A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour Res 12:513–522CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Perry CJ (1996) Quantification and measurement of a minimum set of indicators of the performance of irrigation systems. Int Irrig Mgmt Inst (IIMI), Colombo, Sri LankaGoogle Scholar
  30. Planning Commission (2002). Tenth five year plan, vol II: sectoral policies and programmes. Section VIII: Infrastructure, Chapter 8.1: Irrigation, flood control and command area development. Govt. of India, New DelhiGoogle Scholar
  31. Prajamwong S (1994) Command area decision support system for irrigation projects. PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Biol. and Irrig. Engrg., Utah State Univ., Logan, Utah, USAGoogle Scholar
  32. Rao PS (1993) Review of selected literature on indicators of irrigation performance. Int Irrig Mgmt Inst (IIMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka: 75Google Scholar
  33. Rowshon MK, Amin MSM, Lee TS, Shariff ARM (2009) GIS-Integrated rice irrigation management information system for a river-fed scheme. Water Resour Manag 23(14):2841–2866CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Sakthivadivel R, de Fraiture C, Molden DJ, Perry C, Kloezen WH (1999) Indicators of land and water productivity in irrigated agriculture. Water Resour Dev 15(1–2):161–179CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Sanmugnathan K, Bolton P (1988) Water management in third world irrigation schemes—lesson from the field. Bull., Overseas Dev. Unit (ODU), 11, Hyd. Res., London, UKGoogle Scholar
  36. Santhi C, Pundarikanthan NV (2000) A new planning model for canal scheduling of rotational irrigation. Agric Water Manag 43:327–343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. SCS (1967) Irrigation water requirements. Technical Release 21 (TR-21), Soil Conservation Service (SCS), USDA, Washington, D.C., USAGoogle Scholar
  38. Singh R, Refsgaard JC, Yde L, Jogensen GH, Thorsen M (1997) Hydraulic-hydrological simulations of canal-command for irrigation water management. Irrig Drain Sys 11:185–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Smout IK, Gorantiwar SD (2006) Productivity and equity of different irrigation schedules under limited water supply. J Irrig Drain Eng 132(4):349–358CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Tariq JA, Latif M (2010) Improving operational performance of farmers managed distributary canal using SIC Hydraulic Model. Water Resour Manag. doi: 10.1007/s11269-010-9596-x (Published online)Google Scholar
  41. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2002) HEC-RAS river analysis system. Hyd. Reference Manual, Ver. 3.1, USACOE, Hydrolog. Engrg. Centre, Davis, CAGoogle Scholar
  42. USU (1996) Operation and planning distribution model (OPDM). Soft. User’s Guide, Ver. 2.02, Dept. of Biol. and Irrig. Engrg., Utah State Univ. (USU), Logan, Utah, USAGoogle Scholar
  43. van Genuchten MTH (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:892–898CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Vyas SK, Sarma PBS (1992) An analytical model for estimation of flows at various locations in a canal command area. J Irrig Power 48(1):125–137Google Scholar
  45. WAPCOS (2003) Performance evaluation studies of Kangsabati irrigation projects. Final Report by Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd., Central Water Comm. (CWC), Govt. of IndiaGoogle Scholar
  46. Zardari N-ul-H, Cordery I (2009) Water productivity in a rigid irrigation delivery system. Water Resour Manag 23(6):1025–1040CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Aditi Bhadra
    • 1
  • Arnab Bandyopadhyay
    • 1
  • Rajendra Singh
    • 2
  • Narendra S. Raghuwanshi
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Agricultural EngineeringNorth Eastern Regional Institute of Science and TechnologyNirjuli (Itanagar)India
  2. 2.Department of Agricultural and Food EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest BengalIndia

Personalised recommendations