Virus Genes

, Volume 53, Issue 6, pp 759–761 | Cite as

Further changes in the cotton leaf curl disease complex: an indication of things to come?

  • Ishtiaq Hassan
  • Imran Amin
  • Shahid Mansoor
  • Rob W. Briddon
Article
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Abstract

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) has been a problem for cotton production in Pakistan and India since the early 1990s. The disease is caused by begomoviruses associated with a specific satellite, the cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). In 2001, resistance introduced into cotton was broken by a recombinant begomovirus, Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus strain Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bur). Unusually, in resistant cotton, this virus lacked an intact transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) gene, with the capacity to encode only 35 of the usual ~134 amino acids. Recently, isolates of CLCuKoV-Bur with a longer, but still truncated, TrAP gene have been identified in cotton breeding lines lacking the earlier resistance. This suggests that more pathogenic viruses with a full TrAP could return to cotton if the earlier resistance is not maintained in ongoing breeding efforts to produce CLCuD-resistant cotton varieties. This conclusion is supported by recent studies showing the reappearance of pre-resistance-breaking begomoviruses, with full-length TrAP genes, in cotton.

Keywords

Begomovirus Betasatellite Resistance Mutation Resistance breaking 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work supported by the “Pak-US cotton productivity enhancement program” of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) funded by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), under Agreement No. 58-6402-0-178F. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA or ICARDA.

Funding

This study was funded by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Grant Number 58-6402-0-178F).

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Research involving human and animal rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Supplementary material

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Supplementary material 1 (JPEG 1758 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Agricultural Biotechnology DivisionNational Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
  2. 2.Centre for Human GeneticsHazara UniversityMansehraPakistan

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