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A comparative evaluation of serum biochemistry profile and antigenic relatedness among velogenic and mesogenic Avian avulavirus 1 infection in chickens and pigeons

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Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1), affects variety of avian species around the globe. Several AAvV 1 viruses of different genotypes have recently emerged with varying clinical impacts on their susceptible hosts. Although experimental infection with velogenic and mesogenic strains in chickens and pigeons is well-studied, nevertheless, there exists a paucity of data for comparative variations in serum biochemistry profile of susceptible hosts upon challenge with isolates of varying pathogenicities. With this background, a comparative assessment of a range of serum biochemical parameters was made following challenge with duck-originated velogenic strain (sub-genotype VIIi; MF437287) and pigeon-originated mesogenic strain (sub-genotype VIm; KU885949) in chickens and pigeons. For each of the isolate, commercial broiler chickens and wild pigeons were challenged (10–6.51 EID50/0.1 mL for sub-genotype VIIi and 10–6.87 EID50/0.1 mL sub-genotype Vim) separately via intranasal and intraocular route. Sera were collected on 0, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th day post-infection (dpi), and processed for quantitative analysis of different biochemical parameters. By day 3 post-infection (pi), a substantial decrease (p < 0.0001) in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed in chickens and pigeons challenged with velogenic isolate. On the other hand, from day 5 pi and onward, a significant increase (p < 0.001) in serum ALP and total protein concentration was observed exclusively in pigeons challenged with mesogenic isolate. For serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), a significant increase (p < 0.05) in concentration was observed on day 3 pi which decreased from day 5 pi and onward in pigeons and chickens challenged with mesogenic isolate. Also, to reveal antigenic differences among homologous and heterologous vaccine and field-prevalent strains, cross-hemagglutination inhibition assay demonstrated antigenically diverse nature (R-value < 0.5) of both strains from vaccine strain (LaSota, genotype II). The study concludes antigenic differences among prevalent genotypes than vaccine strain and, although requires further studies to ascertain study outcomes, the serum biochemical profile may facilitate presumptive diagnosis of disease in their susceptible hosts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan

    Aziz Ul-Rahman & Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir

  2. Quality Operation Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan

    Aziz Ul-Rahman & Muhammad Zubair Shabbir

  3. Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Mushtaq Ahmed

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  1. Aziz Ul-Rahman
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  2. Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir
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  4. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
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Correspondence to Aziz Ul-Rahman.

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The current study was carried out following the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by National Institutes of Health and Animal Research Council (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals.pdf). All protocols including bird’s management, virus challenge procedure, serum sampling, and bird’s sacrificial procedure were approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Use of Laboratory Animals (ERCULA) of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Permit Number: ORIC/DR-70).

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Ul-Rahman, A., Shabbir, M.A.B., Ahmed, M. et al. A comparative evaluation of serum biochemistry profile and antigenic relatedness among velogenic and mesogenic Avian avulavirus 1 infection in chickens and pigeons. Trop Anim Health Prod 52, 1977–1984 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02215-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02215-8

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