Tropical Animal Health and Production

, Volume 46, Issue 5, pp 831–836 | Cite as

Comparative assessment of postmortem inspection and immunochromatographic techniques for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Nigeria

  • Onyinye J. Okoro
  • George N. Anosa
  • Steve I. Oboegbulem
  • John A. Nwanta
  • Ekene V. Ezenduka
Regular Articles
First Online:
Accepted:
  • 139 Downloads

Abstract

Animals with tuberculosis pose some risks to humans, especially in developing countries of the world. In this study, postmortem inspection (PMI) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA) techniques were compared for the detection of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in slaughter cattle in Enugu State, Nigeria using culture as the gold standard. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January–June, 2011 on animals presented at four purposively selected slaughterhouses in the study area, involving a total of 500 randomly selected animals. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of selected animals and serum samples harvested for ICA. Thorough PMI was carried out and tissue samples from the lung, liver, intestine, and lymph nodes were collected, with or without lesions for culture; from the animals examined, culture detected 11 positive cases giving a prevalence rate of 2.2 %, whereas PMI detected 22 positive cases including 7 (out of the 11) positive cases detected by culture, giving a prevalence rate of 4.4 %. Fifteen of the cases detected as positive by PMI were negative by culture. Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of PMI were 64 and 97 %, respectively. ICA detected 59 positive cases including 10 of the 11 positive cases detected by culture, hence, a prevalence rate of 11.8 %. Forty-nine of the cases detected as positive by ICA were negative by culture. Hence, the sensitivity and specificity of ICA were 91 and 90 %, respectively. In conclusion, the performance of ICA was found sufficiently high to support its use in BTB surveillance and control in cattle in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Keywords

Bovine tuberculosis Culture Postmortem inspection Immunochromatographic assay Sensitivity Specificity 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Ethical standards

The experiments reported in this manuscript comply with the current laws of Nigeria in which they were performed.

Conflict of interests

There are no conflicts of interests related to this work.

References

  1. Abubakar, U.B., Shehu, S.A. and Mohammed, F.U., 2011. Retrospective study of tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle at Maiduguri abattoir, Nigeria. Veterinary Research, 4(1), 1-- 4.Google Scholar
  2. Aliyu, M.M., Adamu, J.Y. and Bilyaminu, Y.A., 2009. Current prevalence of tuberculosis lesions among slaughtered cattle in Northern States of Nigeria. Revue d’elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux, 62 (1), 13--16.Google Scholar
  3. Araoye, M.O., 2004. Research methodology with statistics for health and social sciences, (Netherdex Publishers, Ilorin, Nigeria), 115--122Google Scholar
  4. Becton Dickinson Co Insert: BBLTM MGIT mycobacteria growth indicator tube. Insert kit, 1999. CE L000180JAA(E)2004/06. Becton Dickinson Co; USA: 2004Google Scholar
  5. Cadmus S.I.B., Adesokan H.K., Adejuwon T.A. and Adeyemi, M.O., 2008. Retrospective study of bovine tuberculosis and other diseases of public health importance in Oko-Oba abattoir, Lagos state. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 45, 150-- 153.Google Scholar
  6. Chambers, M.A., Crawshaw, T., Waterhouse, S., Delahay, R., Hewinson, R.G., Lyashchenko, K.P. (2008). Validation of the BrockTB STAT-PAK assay for the detection of tuberculosis in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and influence of disease severity on diagnostic accuracy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46: 1498- 1500.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Damina, M.S., Owoludun, O.A., Chukwukere, S., Ameh, J.A. and Aliyu, M.M., 2011. The use of deletion analysis in the detection of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum among slaughtered cattle in Plateau state, North Central, Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 32 (1), 9--15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Davies, P.D.O., 2006. Tuberculosis in humans and animals. Are we a threat to each other? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 99 (10), 539--540.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Gordis, L., 2008. Epidemiology (Elsevier, Saunders publishers, USA), 87Google Scholar
  10. Gormley, E., Doyle, M.B., Fitzsimons, F., McGill, K. and Collins J.D., 2006. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle by use of the gamma-interferon (Bovigam®) assay. Veterinary Microbiology, 112, 171--179.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Gowtage-Sequeira, S., Paterson, A., Lyashchenko, K.P., Lesellier, S. and Chambers, M.A., 2009. Evaluation of the CervidTB STAT-PAK for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild deer in Great Britain. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 16(10), 1449--1452.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Hlavsa, M.C., Moonan, P.K., Cowan, L.S., Navin, T.R., Kammerer, J.S., Morlock, G.P., Crawford, J.T. and LoBue, P.A., 2008. Human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, 1995-2005. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47 (2), 168—175.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Landis, J.R., and Koch, G.G., 1977. An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics, 33, 363--374.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Lesellier, S., Corner, L., Costello, E., Sleeman, P., Lyashchenko, K.P., Greenwald, R., Esfandiari, J., Singh, M., Hewinson, R.G., Chambers, M, and Gormley, E., 2008. Antigen specific immunological responses of badgers (Meles meles) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 122, 35-- 45.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Lyashchenko, K.P., Greenwald, R., Esfandiari, J., Meylan, M., Burri, I.H. and Zanolari, P., 2007. Antibody responses in New World camelids with tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium microti. Veterinary Microbiology, 125, 265--273.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Lyashchenko, K.P., Greenwald, R., Esfandiari, J., Olsen, J.H., Ball, R., Dumonceaux, G., Dunker, F., Buckley, C., Richard, M., Murray, S., Payeur, J.B., Andersen, P., Pollock, J.M., Mikota, S., Miller, M., Sofranko, D., Waters, W.R., 2006. Tuberculosis in elephants: antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 13, 722--732.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Lyashchenko, K.P., Whelan, A.O., Greenwald, R., Pollock, J.M., Andersen, P., Hewinson, R.G. and Vordermeier, H.M., 2004. Association of tuberculin-boosted antibody responses with pathology and cell- mediated immunity in cattle vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and infected with M. bovis. Infection and Immunity, 72, 2462-- 2467.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Michel, A.L. and Simoes, M., 2009. Comparative field evaluation of two rapid immunochromatograhic tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 127, 186-- 189.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Nwanta, J.A., Onunkwo J.I., Ezema, W.S. and Umeononigwe, C.N., 2010. Zoonotic tuberculosis: a review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention and control. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2 (6), 118--124.Google Scholar
  20. Nwanta, J.A., Umeononigwe, C.N., Abonyi, G.E. and Onunkwo, J.I., 2011. Retrospective study of bovine and human tuberculosis in abattoirs and hospitals in Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 3 (7), 329--336.Google Scholar
  21. Ofukwu, R.A., 2006. Studies on the epidemiology of bovine and human tuberculosis in Benue state, Nigeria, (unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka)Google Scholar
  22. Palmer, M.V. and Waters, W.R., 2006. Advances in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and pathogenesis: what policy makers need to know. Veterinary Microbiology, 112, 181--190.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Proano-Perez, F., Benitez-Ortiz, W., Desmecht, D., Coral, M., Ortiz, J., Ron, L., Portaels, Rigouts, L., and Linden, A., 2011. Post-mortem examination and laboratory-based analysis for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis among dairy cattle in Ecuador. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 101, 65-- 72PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Schiller, I., Oesch, B., Vordermeier, H.M., Palmer, M.V., Harris, B.N., Orloski, K.A., Buddle, B.M., Thacker, T.C., Lyashchenko, K.P. and Waters, W.R., 2010. Bovine tuberculosis: a review of current and emerging diagnostic techniques in view of their relevance for disease control and eradication. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 57, 205--220.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Shitaye, J. E., Tsegaye, W. and Pavlik, I. (2007). Bovine tuberculosis infection in animal and human populations in Ethiopia: a review. Veterinarni Medicina, 52(8), 317--332.Google Scholar
  26. Strain, S.A.J., Mcnair J. and McDowell, S.W.J., 2011. Bovine tuberculosis: a review of diagnostic tests for M. bovis infection in cattle. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute.Google Scholar
  27. Teklu, A., Aseeged, B., Yimer, E., Gebeyehu, M. and Woldesenbet, Z., 2004. Tuberculous lesion not detected at routine abattoir inspection: the experience of the Hosana municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia. Review of Science and Technology, Office International des Epizooties, 23, 957-- 964.Google Scholar
  28. Twomey, D.F., Crawshaw, T.R., Anscombe, J.E., Farrant, L., Evans, L.J., McElligott, W.S., Higgins, R.J., Dean, G., Vordermeier, M., Jahans, K. and de la Rua-Domenech, R., 2007. Tuberculosis in llamas caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Veterinary Record, 160: 170.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Waters, W.R., Palmer, M.V., Bannantine, J.P., Whipple, D.L., Greenwald, R., Esfandiari, J., Andersen, P., McNair, J., Pollock, J.M. and Lyashchenko, K.P., 2004. Antigen recognition by serum antibodies in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 11, 849--855.PubMedCentralPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Waters, W.R., Palmer, M.V., Thacker, T.C., Bannantine, J.P., Vordermeier, H.M., Hewinson, R.G., Greenwald, R., Esfandiari, J., Mcnair, J., Pollock, J.M.P., Andersen, P. and Lyashchenko, K.P., 2006. Early antibody responses to experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 13, 648-- 654.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Welby, S., Govaerts, M., Vanholme, L., Hooyberghs, J., Mennens, K., Maes, L. and Van Der Stede, Y., 2012. Bovine tuberculosis surveillance alternatives in Belgium. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 106 (2), 152-- 161.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. WHO, 2010. Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO report 2010. Surveillance, planning, financing. Geneva, World Health OrganizationGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Onyinye J. Okoro
    • 1
  • George N. Anosa
    • 2
  • Steve I. Oboegbulem
    • 1
  • John A. Nwanta
    • 1
  • Ekene V. Ezenduka
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria
  2. 2.Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Personalised recommendations