Topics in Catalysis

, Volume 52, Issue 12, pp 1696–1700 | Cite as

Catalytic Mononitration of Phenol Using iso-Propyl Nitrate Over Zeolite Catalysts

  • Keith Smith
  • Mansour D. Ajarim
  • Gamal A. El-Hiti
  • Christelle Peters
Original Paper
First Online:

Abstract

Mononitration of phenol was investigated using iso-propyl nitrate as a nitrating agent over various zeolite catalysts under different reaction conditions. Zeolite Hβ with a low Si/Al ratio (12.5) was found to be an active catalyst for nitration of phenol under reflux conditions in dichloroethane, producing 2- and 4-nitrophenols in a ratio of around 1:1. However, zeolites H-mordenite, HY and Hβ (with high Si/Al ratio—150 or 300) gave 2-nitrophenol as the major product (ortho/para ratio = ca. 2–3).

Keywords

Nitration Phenol Nitrophenols Zeolite catalysis Hβ Regioselectivity 

Notes

Acknowledgments

We thank Cardiff University and the Saudi Government for financial support.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  • Keith Smith
    • 1
  • Mansour D. Ajarim
    • 1
  • Gamal A. El-Hiti
    • 1
  • Christelle Peters
    • 2
  1. 1.School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
  2. 2.Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wales SwanseaSwanseaUK

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