Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)

, Volume 120, Issue 3, pp 861–880 | Cite as

Embryo rescue technique and its applications for seedless breeding in grape

Review
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the world and is subject to intense breeding efforts to develop new seedless cultivars. To overcome inherent obstacles associated with crossing seedless selections, in ovulo embryo rescue was developed and successfully utilized by plant breeders to rescue inherently weak, immature and/or abortive embryos, in order to obtain progeny from seedless × seedless crosses. To date, embryo rescue has been utilized in grape breeding for more than three decades. Genotype, sampling/inoculation time and medium are the most crucial and well-studied factors affecting the success of grape embryo rescue. Besides, other factors, such as the culture methods and utilization of plant growth regulators are also important for grape embryo rescue. Thus far, embryo rescue was extensively applied in rescuing inherently weak grape embryos, breeding seedless grapes and triploid grapes, and distant hybridization between different Vitis species. Although grape embryo rescue has been widely investigated, the development of improved cultivars is few. Breeding novel grape cultivars through embryo rescue is still a challenging and long-term task, which requires persistent effort of grape breeders. This review provides updated and comprehensive information concerning factors and applications of embryo rescue in grape.

Keywords

Grape embryo rescue Genotype Medium Seedless grapes Triploid grapes Inter-specific hybridization 

Abbreviations

ABA

Abscisic acid

BA

Benzyladenine

BAP

Benzylaminopurine

2,4-D

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

DAF

Days after flowering

GA

Gibberellic acid

IAA

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA

Indole butyric acid

NAA

Naphthalene acetic acid

NOA

Naphthoxyacetic acid

PGRs

Plant growth regulators

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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Dennis J. Gray for critical revision of our manuscript. This work was supported by the 948 Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2012-S12 and 981043), China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-30-yz-7), as well as the Program for Innovative Research Team of Grape Germplasm Resources and Breeding (2013KCT-25). We thank Plantscribe (www.plantscribe.com) for editing this review.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
  2. 2.Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina

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