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Epigenetic regulation and gene markers as signals of early somatic embryogenesis

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Abstract

Identification and characterization of gene markers for somatic embryogenesis offer the possibility of determining the embryogenic potential of somatic cells before any morphological changes appear and to provide information on molecular regulation of early somatic embryogenesis. In this review, based on evidence reported in the literature, we assess the reliability of the established SERK, LEC and WUS marker genes as well as the usefulness of mediating epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and microRNAs as markers of the induction of somatic embryogenesis. The evidence suggests that the SERK gene marker may be less reliable than has been thought while the germin-like protein-encoding genes may, like their protein products, be useful markers of early somatic embryogenesis.

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Abbreviations

CMT:

Cytosine methyltransferase enzymes

DRM:

Domains rearranged methyltransferase

MTE:

Methyltransferase

miRNAs:

Micro RNAs

SERK:

Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase

LEC:

Leafy cotyledon

WUS:

Wuschel

GLPs:

Germin-like protein encoding genes

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Science Fund 02-01-02-SF0847 under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia. The authors thank Alena Sanusi for her editorial comments on this paper.

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  1. Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Fatemeh Mahdavi-Darvari, Normah Mohd Noor & Ismail Ismanizan

  2. School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Ismail Ismanizan

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  1. Fatemeh Mahdavi-Darvari
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Correspondence to Fatemeh Mahdavi-Darvari.

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Mahdavi-Darvari, F., Noor, N.M. & Ismanizan, I. Epigenetic regulation and gene markers as signals of early somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 120, 407–422 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0615-0

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