Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plant regeneration from protoplasts in Indian local Coriandrum sativum L.: scanning electron microscopy and histological evidences for somatic embryogenesis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Coriandrum sativum L. is an annual herb belonging to the family Umbelliferae. It is used as a spice plant in Indian subcontinent and it has several medicinal applications as well. In this present article, an efficient plant regeneration protocol from protoplasts via somatic embryogenesis was established and is reported. This is the first ever protoplast isolation study in Indian local coriander in which plant regeneration was achieved. Hypocotyl-derived embryogenic callus was used as a source of protoplast. The embryogenic callus suspension was prepared by transferring tissues onto rotary-agitated liquid Murashige and Skoog, added with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg l−1 KIN (6-furfurylaminopurine). The suspension was digested with enzymatic solutions and a combination of cellulase (2.0 %), pectinase (1.0 %), macerozyme (0.02 %) and driselase (0.50 %) induced maximum yield of protoplasts (34.25 × 105). In 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D + 1.0 mg l−1 KIN containing medium, protoplasts divided well and formed maximum number of microcolonies (14.30/test tube). The protoplast callus (PC) biomass grew well in solid medium. The protoplast embryogenic callus was rich in protein, proline and sugar compared to non-embryogenic PC. The protoplast originated callus later differentiated into somatic embryos. The somatic embryo morphology, scanning electron microscopy and histology of embryo origin and development were investigated and discussed in details in this present communication. In 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg l−1 BA (6-Benzyladenine), maximum number of embryos were formed on microcallus (26.6/callus mass). The embryo matured and germinated into plantlets at a low to moderate rate, highest (31.3 %) embryo germination was observed in 1.0 mg l−1 BA + 0.5 mg l−1 α-Naphthalene acetic acid added medium. The entire process of regeneration took about 4–5 months’ time for recovering plantlets from protoplasts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

KIN:

6-Furfurylaminopurine

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

References

  • Alhubaishi AA, Walkey DGA, Webb MJW, Bolland CJ, Cook AA (1987) A survey of horticultural plant virus diseases in the Yemen Arab Republic. FAO Plant Prot Bull 35:135–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Assani A, Haicour R, Wenzel G, Foroughi-Wehr B, Bakry F, Cote FX, Ducreux G, Ambroise A, Grapin A (2002) Influence of donor material and genotype on protoplast regeneration in banana and plantain cultivars (Musa spp.). Plant Sci 162:355–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aziz ZA, Davey MR, Lowe KC, Power JB (2006) Isolation and culture of protoplasts from the medicinal plant Centella asiatica. Rev Bras Pl Med 8:105–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatnagar SS (1950) Coriandrum Linn. (Umbelliferae). In: Bhatnagar SS (ed) The wealth of India. A dictionary of indian raw materials and industrial products, raw materials, vol 2. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, pp 347–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgato L, Pisani F, Furini A (2007) Plant regeneration from leaf protoplasts of Solanum virginianum L. (Solanaceae). Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 88:247–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for measuring quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Ann Biochem 72:248–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns JA, Wetzstein HY (1995) Development and germination of pecan somatic embryos derived from liquid culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 31:72–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabasson C, Alvard D, Dambier D, Ollitrault P, Teisson C (1997) Improvement of Citrus somatic embryo development by temporary immersion. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 50:33–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christina ENL, Arunika H (2010) Isolation of leaf protoplasts from the submerged aquatic monocot Aponogeton madagascariensis. Am J Pl Sci Biotech 4:6–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Cislova LS (1988) Useful types of coriander (in Russian). Sel Semenovod (Moskva), 33

  • Cocking EC (1960) Enzymatic degradation of cell wall for protoplast formation. Nature 187:927–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das A, Mallick R (1989) Variation in 4C DNA content and chromosome characteristics in different varieties of Coriandrum sativum L. Cytologia 54:609–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davey MR, Anthony P, Power JB, Lowe JB (2005) Plant protoplast technology: current status. Acta Physiol Plant 27:117–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dey PM (1990) Methods in plant biochemistry, carbohydrates, vol 2. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Diederichsen A (1996) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops, vol 3. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietert MF, Barron SA, Yoder OC (1982) Effects of genotype on in vitro culture in the genus Brassica. Plant Sci Lett 26:233–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovzhenko A, Dal Bosco C, Meurer J, Koop HU (2003) Efficient regeneration from cotyledon protoplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana. Protoplasma 222:107–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dipak KP, Swati ND, Hardik PG, Rangitsinh VD, Ramachandra AV (2012) Cardio protective effects of C. sativum on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 50:3120–3125

    Google Scholar 

  • Duarte A, Ferreira S, Silva F, Domingue FC (2012) Synergistic activity of coriander oil and conventional antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. Phytomedicine 19:236–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Duquenne B, Eeckhaut T, Werbrouck S, Van Huylenbroeck J (2007) Effect of enzyme concentrations on protoplast isolation and protoplast culture of Spathiphyllum and Anthurium. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 91:165–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewa G, Marek S, Rafal B (2012) An improved protocol for plant regeneration from leaf and hypocotyl-derived protoplasts of carrot. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 109:101–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fayez KA, Hassanein AM (2000) Chlorophyll synthesis retardation and ultra structural alterations to Solanum tuberosum chloroplasts in Solanum nigrum cells. Photosynthetica 38:37–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiuk A, Rajkiewicz M, Rybczynski JJ (2003) In vitro culture of Gentiana kurroo (Royle). Biotech 3:267–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Fock I, Collonnier C, Purwito A, Luisetti J, Souvannavong V, Vedel F, Servaes A, Ambroise A, Kodja H, Ducreux G, Sihachakr D (2000) Resistance to bacterial wilt in somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and Solanum phureja. Plant Sci 160:165–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaj MD (2004) Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis induction and plant regeneration with particular reference to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. J Plant Growth Regul 43:27–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girenko MM (1982) Initial material and basic trends in breeding of some uncommon species of vegetables. Bull VIR im Vavilova 120:33–37 (in Russian, English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo JM, Liu QC, Zhai H, Wang YP (2006) Regeneration of plants from Ipomoea cairica L. protoplasts and production of somatic hybrids between I. cairica L. and sweetpotato, I. batatas (L.) Lam. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 87:321–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall RD, Riksen-Bruinsma T, Weyens GJ, Rosquin IJ, Denys PN, Evans IJ, Lathouwers JE, Lefcbvre MP, Dunwell JM, van Tunen A, Krens FA (1996) A high efficiency technique for the generation of transgenic sugar beets from stomatal guard cells. Nat Biotechnol 14:1133–1138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ilyas M (1980) Spices in India. Econ Bot 34:236–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova KV, Stoletova EA (1990) The history of culture and intraspecific taxonomy of Coriandrum sativum L. Sb nau n tr prikl bot, gen i sel 133:26–40 (in Russian, English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery LD, Karl DH, Susanne L, Klaus H, Dierk S (1987) Parsley protoplasts retain differential responsiveness to u.v. light and fungal elicitor. EMBO J 6:2551–2556

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez VM, Thomas C (2006) Participation of plant hormones in determination and progression of somatic embryogenesis. In: Mujib A, Samaj J (eds) Somatic embryogenesis. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 103–118

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Junaid A, Mujib A, Bhat MA, Sharma MP, Šamaj J (2007) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Catharanthus roseus. Biol Plant 51:641–646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kantharajah AS, Golegaonkar PJ (2004) Somatic embryogenesis in egg plant. Sci Hortic 99:107–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karami O, Deljao A, Pour AM (2007) Repetitive somatic embryogenesis in carnation in picloram supplemented media. Plant Growth Regul 51:33–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karamian R, Ebrahimzadeh H (2001) Plantlet regeneration from protoplast-derived embryogenic calli of Crocus cancellatus. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 65:115–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SW, Seung CO, Dong SI, Liu JR (2003) Plant regeneration of rose (Rosa hybridia) from embryogenic cell-derived protoplasts. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 73:15–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlenbach HW, Wenzel G, Hoffmann F (1982) Regeneration of Brassica napus plantlets in cultures from isolated protoplasts of haploid stem embryos as compared with leaf protoplasts. Zeitschrift Pflanzen Physiol 105:131–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li JS, Deng MX, Mao ZHI, Hong YU (2005) En-hanced anthocyanins synthesis in foliage plant Ca-ladium bicolor. Plant Cell Rep 23:716–720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Ryschka U, Marthe F, Klocke E, Schumann G, Zhao H (2007) Culture and fusion of pollen protoplasts of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica with haploid mesophyll protoplasts of B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis. Protoplasma 231:89–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lörincz K, Tyihák E (1965) Untersuchungen über die Terpenkomponenten im Verlaufe der Ontogenie des Korianders (Coriandrum sativum L.). Herba Hung 4:191–208 (in Russian, German abstract, Hungarian abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma R, Ritala A, Caldentey KMO, Rischer H (2006) Development of in vitro techniques for the important medicinal plant Veratrum californicum. Planta Med 72:1142–1148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mataiyoh JC, Maiyo ZC, Ngure RM, Chepkorir R (2009) Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of C.sativum. Food Chem 113:526–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathias ME (1994) Magic, myth and medicine. Econ Bot 48:3–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehpara M, Mujib A, Dipti T, Abdin MZ (2012) Protoplast isolation, culture and plant regeneration in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don via somatic embryogenesis. Curr Biotechnol 1(3):217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuhiro M, Kenichi Y, Ito K, Kadowaki S, Ohashi H, Mii M (2001) Plant regeneration from cell suspension-derived protoplasts of Primula malacoides and Pimula obconica. Plant Sci 160:1221–1228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mujib A, Bandyopadhyay S, Jana BK, Ghosh PD (1996) Direct somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration in Hippeastrum hybridum. Plant Tissue Cult 8:19–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Mujib A, Banerjee S, Maqsood M, Ghosh PD (2013) Somatic embryogenesis of some member ornamental genera of Amaryllidaceae and allied families: the similarities and differences. The Open Hort J 6:9–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nieves N, Segura-nieto M, Blanco MA, Sanchez M, Gonzales A, Gonzales JL, Castillo R (2003) Biochemical characterization of embryogenic and nonembryogenic calluses of sugarcane. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 39:343–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oropeza M, Marcano AK, De Garcia E (2001) Proteins related in embryogenic potentials in callus and cell suspensions of sugarcane (Sacharrum sp.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 37:211–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan ZG, Liu CZ, Murch SJ, El-Demerdash M, Saxena PK (2003) Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of the Egyptian medicinal plants Artmesia judaica L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra. Plant Sci 165:681–687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paruthi IJ, Jain RK, Gupta DC (1987) A note on reaction of some spices to root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). Haryana J Hortic Sci 16:154–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Pongchawee K, Na-Nakorn U, Laamseejan S, Poompuang S, Phansiri S (2007) Protoplast isolation and culture of aquatic plant Cryptocoryne wendtii De Wit. Kasetsart J NatSci 41:300–310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash V (1990) Leafy spices. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanayake SMSD, Wanniarachchi WAVR, Tennakoon TMA (2001) Axillary shoot proliferation and in vitro flowering in an adult giant bamboo, Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. Ex Munro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 37:667–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha BR, Tokuhara K, Mii M (2007) Plant regeneration from cell suspension-derived protoplasts of Phalaenopsis. Plant Cell Rep 26:719–725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva F, Ferreira S, Duarte A, Mendonca DI, Domingue FC (2011) Antifungal activity of C. sativum essential oil, its mode of action against candida species and potential synergism with amphotericin B. Phytomedicine 19:42–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaby K, Havel L (1999) Conversion of somatic embryos of Picea abies (L.). Karst. Biologia 54:7–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Soumendra NT, Subham D, Gungan G, Moumita A, Aniruddha M (2010) Therapeutic efficacies of C. sativum aqueous extract against metronidazole induced genotoxicity in Channa punctatus peripheral erythrocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 48:3458–3461

    Google Scholar 

  • Sreelatha S, Padma PR, Umadevi M (2009) Protective effects of C. Sativum extract on carbon tetrarchloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 47:702–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Te-Chato S, Hilae A, Moosikapala L (2005) Microcolony formation from embryogenic callus-derived protoplasts of oil palm. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 27:685–691

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas TD (2009) Isolation, callus formation and plantlet regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill: an important medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 45:591–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toben HM (1995) Die durch Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola hervorgerufene Doldenwelke an Koriander, Charakterisierung des Erregers und Strategien zur Bekämpfung. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavilov NI (1992) The phyto-geographical basis for plant breeding—studies of the original material used for plant breeding. In: Dorofeev VF (ed) Origin and geography of cultivated plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 316–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan CQ, Qian KX, Yan QS, Zhang XQ, Xue GP, Huangfu WG, Wu YF, Zhao YZ, Xue ZY, Huang J, Xu GZ, Wu P (2004) Use of asymmetric somatic hybridization for transfer of the bacterial blight resistance trait from Oryza meyeriana L. to O. sativa L. ssp. japonica. Plant Cell Rep 22:569–575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Guo X, Zhang X, Nie Y, Jin S (2007) Plant regeneration from Gossypium davidsonii protoplasts via somatic embryogenesis. Biol Plant 51:533–537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zohra F, Mujib A, Samar F, Arshi A, Umar S (2009) Callus induction, biomass growth, and plant regeneration in Digitalis lanata Ehrh.: influence of plant growth regulators and carbohydrates. Turk J Bot 33:393–405

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to University Grant Commission (UGC) and Department of Botany, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard) for receiving facilities of various kinds. The first author also acknowledges the help, rendered by M.Sc and Ph.D students.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India

    A. Mujib, Dipti Tonk & Muzamil Ali

Authors
  1. A. Mujib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dipti Tonk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muzamil Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Mujib.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mujib, A., Tonk, D. & Ali, M. Plant regeneration from protoplasts in Indian local Coriandrum sativum L.: scanning electron microscopy and histological evidences for somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 117, 323–334 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0442-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0442-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation