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Space Science Reviews

, 215:5 | Cite as

Hot Atmospheres, Cold Gas, AGN Feedback and the Evolution of Early Type Galaxies: A Topical Perspective

  • N. WernerEmail author
  • B. R. McNamara
  • E. Churazov
  • E. Scannapieco
Article
First Online:
Part of the following topical collections:
  1. Clusters of Galaxies: Physics and Cosmology

Abstract

Most galaxies comparable to or larger than the mass of the Milky Way host hot, X-ray emitting atmospheres, and many such galaxies are radio sources. Hot atmospheres and radio jets and lobes are the ingredients of radio-mechanical active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. While a consensus has emerged that such feedback suppresses cooling of hot cluster atmospheres, less attention has been paid to massive galaxies where similar mechanisms are at play. Observation indicates that the atmospheres of elliptical and S0 galaxies were accreted externally during the process of galaxy assembly and augmented significantly by stellar mass loss. Their atmospheres have entropy and cooling time profiles that are remarkably similar to those of central cluster galaxies. About half display filamentary or disky nebulae of cool and cold gas, much of which has likely cooled from the hot atmospheres. We review the observational and theoretical perspectives on thermal instabilities in galactic atmospheres and the evidence that AGN heating is able to roughly balance the atmospheric cooling. Such heating and cooling may be regulating star formation in all massive spheroids at late times.

Keywords

Elliptical galaxies Active galactic nuclei Interstellar medium 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

NW was supported by the Lendület LP2016-11 grant awarded by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. BRM thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency for financial support.

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Copyright information

© Springer Nature B.V. 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • N. Werner
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    Email author
  • B. R. McNamara
    • 4
  • E. Churazov
    • 5
    • 6
  • E. Scannapieco
    • 7
  1. 1.MTA-Eötvös University Lendület Hot Universe and Astrophysics Research GroupBudapestHungary
  2. 2.Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
  3. 3.School of ScienceHiroshima UniversityHigashi-HiroshimaJapan
  4. 4.Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooCanada
  5. 5.Max-Planck-Institut fur AstrophysikGarchingGermany
  6. 6.Space Research InstituteMoscowRussia
  7. 7.School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeUSA

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