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Space Science Reviews

, Volume 212, Issue 3–4, pp 1433–1451 | Cite as

Survey of Capabilities and Applications of Accurate Clocks: Directions for Planetary Science

  • Véronique DehantEmail author
  • Ryan Park
  • Dominic Dirkx
  • Luciano Iess
  • Gregory Neumann
  • Slava Turyshev
  • Tim Van Hoolst
Article
First Online:
Part of the following topical collections:
  1. High Performance Clocks with Special Emphasis on Geodesy and Geophysics and Applications to Other Bodies of the Solar System

Abstract

For planetary science, accurate clocks are mainly used as part of an onboard radioscience transponder. In the case of two-way radio data, the dominating data type for planetary radioscience, an accurate spacecraft clock is not necessary since the measurements can be calibrated using high-precision clocks on Earth. In the case of one-way radio data, however, an accurate clock can make the precision of one-way radio data be comparable to the two-way data, and possibly better since only one leg of radio path would be affected by the media. This article addresses several ways to improve observations for planetary science, either by improving the onboard clock or by using further variants of the classical radioscience methods, e.g., Same Beam Interferometry (SBI). For a clock to be useful for planetary science, we conclude that it must have at least a short-time stability (\(<1{,}000~\mbox{s}\)) better than \(10^{-13}\) and its size be substantially miniaturized. A special case of using laser ranging to the Moon and the implication of having an accurate clock is shown as an example.

Keywords

Radioscience Atomic clock Positioning 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Véronique Dehant
    • 1
    Email author
  • Ryan Park
    • 2
  • Dominic Dirkx
    • 3
  • Luciano Iess
    • 4
  • Gregory Neumann
    • 5
  • Slava Turyshev
    • 2
  • Tim Van Hoolst
    • 1
  1. 1.Royal Observatory of BelgiumUccleBelgium
  2. 2.Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUSA
  3. 3.Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
  4. 4.University of RomeRomeItaly
  5. 5.NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltUSA

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