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Simulations of Seismic Wave Propagation on Mars

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Abstract

We present global and regional synthetic seismograms computed for 1D and 3D Mars models based on the spectral-element method. For global simulations, we implemented a radially-symmetric Mars model with a 110 km thick crust (Sohl and Spohn in J. Geophys. Res., Planets 102(E1):1613–1635, 1997). For this 1D model, we successfully benchmarked the 3D seismic wave propagation solver SPECFEM3D_GLOBE (Komatitsch and Tromp in Geophys. J. Int. 149(2):390–412, 2002a; 150(1):303–318, 2002b) against the 2D axisymmetric wave propagation solver AxiSEM (Nissen-Meyer et al. in Solid Earth 5(1):425–445, 2014) at periods down to 10 s. We also present higher-resolution body-wave simulations with AxiSEM down to 1 s in a model with a more complex 1D crust, revealing wave propagation effects that would have been difficult to interpret based on ray theory. For 3D global simulations based on SPECFEM3D_GLOBE, we superimposed 3D crustal thickness variations capturing the distinct crustal dichotomy between Mars’ northern and southern hemispheres, as well as topography, ellipticity, gravity, and rotation. The global simulations clearly indicate that the 3D crust speeds up body waves compared to the reference 1D model, whereas it significantly changes surface waveforms and their dispersive character depending on its thickness. We also perform regional simulations with the solver SES3D (Fichtner et al. Geophys. J. Int. 179:1703–1725, 2009) based on 3D crustal models derived from surface composition, thereby addressing the effects of various distinct crustal features down to 2 s. The regional simulations confirm the strong effects of crustal variations on waveforms. We conclude that the numerical tools are ready for examining more scenarios, including various other seismic models and sources.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge editor Christopher Russel and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments which improved the manuscript. The open source spectral-element software package SPECFEM3D_GLOBE is freely available via the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG; geodynamics.org) and the Mars version used in this study is available on github.com/SeismoMars/SPECFEM3D_MARS. For SPECFEM3D_GLOBE simulations computational resources were provided by the Princeton Institute for Computational Science & Engineering (PICSciE). The AxiSEM and SES3D parts were supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF-ANR project 157133 ”Seismology on Mars”) and from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s628.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS-OCA-IRD-Géoazur, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France

    Ebru Bozdağ

  2. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Youyi Ruan & Jeroen Tromp

  3. ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Nathan Metthez, Amir Khan, Martin van Driel & Domenico Giardini

  4. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Kuangdai Leng

  5. Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France

    Mark Wieczorek

  6. Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium

    Attilio Rivoldini

  7. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA

    Carène S. Larmat

  8. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

    Philippe Lognonné

  9. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Bruce W. Banerdt

Authors
  1. Ebru Bozdağ
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  2. Youyi Ruan
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  3. Nathan Metthez
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  4. Amir Khan
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  5. Kuangdai Leng
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  6. Martin van Driel
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  7. Mark Wieczorek
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  8. Attilio Rivoldini
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  9. Carène S. Larmat
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  10. Domenico Giardini
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  11. Jeroen Tromp
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  12. Philippe Lognonné
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  13. Bruce W. Banerdt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ebru Bozdağ.

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Bozdağ, E., Ruan, Y., Metthez, N. et al. Simulations of Seismic Wave Propagation on Mars. Space Sci Rev 211, 571–594 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0350-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0350-z

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