Space Science Reviews

, Volume 176, Issue 1–4, pp 125–132 | Cite as

Propagating Shocks

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Abstract

A survey of propagating interplanetary shocks reveals the following properties: (1) More shocks are observed around solar-activity maximum than minimum. (2) The maximum frequency of shock occurrence is between 2 and 5 AU. (3) Shocks slow down in the inner solar system, but in the outer solar system some may get a boost in speed when overtaken by a following shock. (4) The average shock strength (as measured by either the Mach number or the density ratio) also reaches peak values at distances of 2–5 AU. (5) Shocks are stronger at their noses than at their flanks. (6) At 1 AU, there are many more quasiperpendicular than quasiparallel shocks with the frequency of occurrence roughly constant with the cosine of the angle between the upstream field and the shock normal.

Keywords

Solar wind Interplanetary shocks 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.University of ArizonaTucsonUSA

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