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Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment

Space Science Reviews volume 147, pages187–231(2009)Cite this article

Abstract

The physical processes affecting the dynamics of the Earth’s particle radiation environment are reviewed along with scientific and engineering models developed for its description. The emphasis is on models that are either operational engineering models or models presently under development for this purpose. Three components of the radiation environment, i.e., galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and trapped radiation, are considered separately. In the case of SEP models, we make a distinction between statistical flux/fluence models and those aimed at forecasting events. Models of the effects of particle radiation on the atmosphere are also reviewed. Further, we summarize the main features of the models and discuss the main outstanding issues concerning the models and their possible use in operational space weather forecasting. We emphasize the need for continuing the development of physics-based models of the Earth’s particle radiation environment, and their validation with observational data, until the models are ready to be used for nowcasting and/or forecasting the dynamics of the environment.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, P.O.B. 64, Finland
    • Rami Vainio
  2. SpaceIT GmbH, Sennweg 15, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
    • Laurent Desorgher
  3. DH Consultancy, Diestsestraat 133/3, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
    • Daniel Heynderickx
  4. University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • Erwin Flückiger
  5. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
    • Richard B. Horne
  6. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
    • Gennady A. Kovaltsov
  7. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
    • Karel Kudela
  8. IFSI-Roma/INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
    • Marisa Storini
    •  & Monica Laurenza
  9. Space Technology Ireland, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
    • Susan McKenna-Lawlor
  10. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
    • Hanna Rothkaehl
  11. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Oulu unit), University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
    • Ilya G. Usoskin
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Vainio, R., Desorgher, L., Heynderickx, D. et al. Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment. Space Sci Rev 147, 187–231 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9496-7

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Keywords

  • Radiation environment
  • Solar energetic particles
  • Radiation belts
  • Cosmic rays
  • Radiation effects