Abstract
Two way, systemic dialogue enables new ideas to emerge. Rorty (1989) in ‘Contingency, irony and solidarity’ argues that we need to ask questions that acknowledge solidarity with other human beings who suffer. He asks us to consider the consequences for humanity by widening our sense of solidarity or links with others. Considering their pain should be our starting point for drawing ever widening circles of solidarity. The issue is not idealism versus pragmatism as Rorty argues; it is about widening our understanding of the consequences of our thinking and our practice. We need to understand that the environment of which we are part has been shaped by our social, cultural, political and economic decisions and that it will in turn shape our thinking and practice. This is the principle of co-determination that has been developed by systems thinkers such as Maturana and Varela and understood by recent thinkers such as Tim Flannery (2007) and Ulrich Beck (1992, 1997).
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Notes
Plenary paper by Allen T (2008), International Systems Sciences, Wisconsin.
Reference New York Times 12 July 2008. The montage of articles in the New York Times today spans: The denial by the University of Chicago, trying to set up a Milton Friedman Institute and the refusal of Bush to support cuts to gas emissions. The economy is currently being propped up, but a sense of urgency exists around the sub prime mortgage crisis. The shift to a sustainable economy or social/environmental justice is not being addressed.
Climate change will destabilize the Asia-Pacific region, exacerbate food, water and energy shortages and threaten Australia's security, a Lowy Institute research paper says. Research suggests weather extremes and wilder fluctuations in rainfall and temperatures could transform the region, resulting in a large-scale displacement of people in heavily populated areas and triggering a surge of "climate change refugees".
… Alan Dupont, a senior fellow for international security at the Lowy Institute for International Policy, and Graeme Pearman, an honorary senior research fellow at Monash University, say the security implications of climate change have been largely ignored. Their paper, Heating up the planet, says: …"Although abrupt climate change triggering a surge of environmental refugees is still at the lower end of the probability scale, population displacements caused by sea-level rise, desertification, flooding and extreme weather are a distinct possibility,” it says. "If affected states have sufficient time and resources to anticipate and plan for such exigencies then the security consequences will probably be minimal. However, poorer states could well be overwhelmed." Leon Gettler October 3, 2006, The Age.
A concept originated by West Churchman, according to his colleague Emeritus Professor John P.Van Gigch, persersonal communication in the early 1970s. This is likely given his poetic turn of phrase and his influence at conferences as a plenary speaker.
On the occasion I was assured that the sermon was about reconciliation, but the citations from Luke were problematic ‘the costs of being a disciple’, such as denying one’s family sounded very problematic for the audience of family members. No doubt Dawkins is correct in the way in which negative messages limit the lives of young people and confuse their thinking, unless they are encouraged to be critical and analytical like Vanya and Julia whose father is a policy thinker at the University of Indonesia. The members of the congregation were said to be mostly wealthy and thus very concerned about security for their vehicles parked outside within a secure area outside the tower block where the service was held. More than a thousand people attendance the two services. Singing and swaying to catchy modern tunes, laughing at the jokes made by the pastor, namely that ‘Indonesians like to ignore problems even if they are on a Garuda flight that is clearly headed for disaster’. The positive potential of uplifting meetings where people are encouraged to have faith in themselves and to be creative designers of their future need to be emphasized at the local government and neighbourhood level. In Bandung, the Bandung_Trust provides just such a context. Local activist men and women meet regularly to share a meal in very pleasant surroundings and to plan for the future. Most of the participants are Islamic and they follow the rituals of Ramadan and Fidel Itra. They welcome working with others as does the Wahid Institute.
Flexibility in our thinking will be essential to address the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental challenges triggered by rising temperatures. Modeling the change that we hope to see in other nation states is the approach taken by Rudd and this is supported by Flannery (22 September 2008).
Murray et al. (2007) cite Von Foerster, H. Ethics and second order cybernetics. Cybernetics and Human Knowing, 1(1), 9–19. This process Maturana and Varela call co-ontogenic structural drift. In co-ontogenic structural drift, they say, the system does not adapt to the environment as in classical system environment models (Krohn Kruppers and Novotny 1990) but both change over time as they become structurally coupled (Maturana 2002); either they fit together or separate or disintegrate (Maturana and Verela 1987; Maturana 2002)….Viewed through Luhhman’s social frame communication and its environment, which is the consciousness of individuals, change over time as they become coupled in a never ending reciprocal relationship. “Viewed through Maturana and Varela’s biological frame all living systems and their environments (which include other living systems as well as all communication) become couples so that they grow and change together, each influencing the possibilities of the other …..”.
This is part of the paradox that we need to be both part of a collective and to maintain individuality and diversity. One of the rights is to create meaningful concepts.
As Richard Dawkins (2006) stresses that birth of the Virgin Mary in Christianity and the reward of Islamic martyrs of 71 virgins may be an artifact of a translation error.
The landscape of governance and democracy has changed as people see themselves as part of a wider context and as they develop an ability to think about the way in which their world has been constructed.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007. Glossary of Statistical Terms. Cites Glossary of Environmental Statistics Studies in Methods, Series F no. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997.
The scope for teaching critical and systemic thinking is being explored by Adib and Sahab in their current Flinders—based research on education structures and processes in Indonesia.
The implication for the research on participatory democracy is that contextual situations need to be studied and that people need to own the process. The stereotype of the hegemonic state in Indonesia cannot be generalized, as networks from below have been organized today and in the past.
We cannot take with us Universalist assumptions of the answers—other than a belief in the need for a sustainable future for all in this generation and the next. At best we can make democratic decisions that are informed by as many of the affected as possible.
“In the book The Unfinished Election of 2000 (2001), Pamela S. Karlan wrote, "there is something disquieting about the fact that although the court focused largely on the claims of excluded voters, the remedy it ordered simply excluded more voters yet"…"[n]either Al Gore’s counsel nor the court ever addressed the threshold question of standing and whose rights were being remedied" (ibid.). As Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in his dissenting opinion, "although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this years presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation’s confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law." (Justices Ginsburg and Breyer joined Justice Stevens in his dissenting opinion.)” http://www.cagreens.org/alameda/city/0803myth/myth.html.
This is why critical debate is so important and why we need to address discourses in the media.http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_stump/archive/2008/03/02/hillary-on-the-muslim-question.aspx The response should have been a reminder to the American voters that America is a secular nation state and that the religion of the candidates was a matter for themselves and their gods if they believed in god. But America has become increasingly non secular in its approach to religion. This is a problem for all democracies, because it undermines the structures that can enable rational and rigorous debate.
The analogy was drawn at the time we were driving through the crowded streets in Bandung. Some wore helmets, whilst others covered their heads to varying degrees or not at all.
I found it interesting that some woman draped a scarf over their shoulders, so that it could be worn as a head scarf or as a fashion accessory, depending on the context (public or private) and the values of the people with whom one wished to communicate.
“The will is infinite and the execution confined, the desire is boundless and the act a slave to limit” Mandelbrot cites Shakespeare 1977b, 38. This is a very limited interpretation of will and desire as power and attraction are the co-ordinates of society and cannot be dismissed at the level of basic drives (see Bogue 1989 on Deleuze and Guattari) who explain that identity and politics are based on transformations in the way we construct the world. We can have fixed or fluid constructions. Where we draw the boundaries, depends on our sense of connection with others (shaped by will and desire).
We need to remember the great depression of 1929 and the importance of not borrowing to pay for assets such as houses that can depreciate in value (Minsky and Keene 2006). The gap between rich and poor widens as the welfare state—monitors downwards—With the collapse of the markets nationally the value of people’s homes has changed. The value of the farm has also decreased in the drought ravaged interiors of Australia. Global warming is happening to us, not just to ‘others’ in ‘less developed’ places. Increased suicide amongst young males in drought affected areas in Australia does not receive as much attention as the suicide bombers on the bus or trains in Britain. The mental ill health and suicide in America in the wake of the sub prime mortgage collapse and the Wall Street crash is receiving attention, not just because of the scale of the problem, but because the threat of homelessness, which is perhaps the most vulnerable situation of anyone strikes a deep chord in a nation that has prided itself on freedom. We need to confront the issue of why Australians along with the West are hated? We can start by saying this is absurd, why even dignify the horrendous attacks by entertaining the question. It would be less confronting if all the bombers were indeed clinically insane, or all socially isolated, or all ill educated, or all poor or perhaps without choices and pressured by predatory people with political agendas. Why are middle class people, born in developed countries choosing to join the jihad? Can scanning at airports and increased controls make up for the lack of trust?.
“Communication is the basis of ecosystems from the inorganic to organic life and through communication we evolve. Signs are the basis of communication and although symbols are only meaningful when they are developed collaboratively—they could not have developed without signs (see Bausch 2001). Communication can be regarded as energy transfer (Troncale 2007, personal communication)…
“….. [P]hysiologists have recently discovered a new class of neurons called mirror neurons, that create a powerful physical capacity for empathy…[R]researchers in Toronto found that in human patients some of these cells responded not only when the patient himself was poked with a needle- as expected- but also fired equally when the patient watched another patient being poked. It’s as if the mirror neurons were doing a virtual reality simulation of what is going on in the other person’s brain- thereby almost “feeling” the other’s pain …Throughout the world, stories of past traumas and tragedies passed down from one generation to the next. Long before television added new punch and power to the ability of story tellers to elicit emotional responses, vivid verbal descriptions of traumas physically suffered by others evoked extremely powerful reactions- even centuries after the original traumas occurred (Gore 2007: 32). Human beings and the environment construct each other and co-evolve. Our choices could create an environment that limits the wellbeing and choices for future generations. It is this co-evolution that will shape our future on this planet. Understanding the way in which human and natural systems shape each other is vital. Maturana and Varela (1973, 1980) and James Lovelock in Revenge of Gaia (2006) and Al Gore (2007) have stressed this point.
Governance and democracy have been represented as going hand in hand by many, but some, such as Hyden (1992) have a different argument. Kjaer (2004, 164). Consider the following aspects of governance characterized as core aspects of governance by Hyden, namely: “authority, reciprocity, trust and accountability”. Hyden argues that these can be achieved without democracy as long as the meta rules enable the above characteristics to be met. Kjaer (2004, Chap. 3) characterizes the different ways governance is defined by liberals, neo-liberals, pluralists, realists and globalists, as follows: Liberals and globalists believe that governance can make a difference both within and across nation states. Realists are more pessimistic. They believe that states will always act in their own interests and pluralists believe that diverse approaches within the boundaries of national states are the best way to ensure peaceful solutions. The liberals and neo liberals believe that western democracy provides a way to enhance governance. But they do not agree on whether democracy should be based on : (a) communitarian approaches using localized decision making, (b) direct voting or referenda by the people, who vote on specific issues or (c) deliberative, public dialogue to consider “it then” type scenarios.
Research with marginalised people and on reading Julie Atkinson's (2002) work on 'Trauma Trails' We made the case that we are socialised by families and that we learn across the generations. These impacts on how we see the world and on the way our brains are wired. It has neurological implications. It is within the scope of our current research that spans informatics, consciousness and 'user centric policy design for convergence' (see McIntyre-Mills 2008b). Let us not forget that the life chances of embodied actors are shaped by the way policy is applied to their lives. This theme is also covered in 'Systemic governance and Accountability' (McIntyre-Mills 2006) which spans spatial, temporal and conceptual considerations.
In the past fortnight, shocking numbers from Wall Street have galvanized the world and its media, spurring the most powerful government on earth to launch a heroic $800 billion rescue plan as anxious families cheer from overinflated couches as far away as Australia. Mystifyingly, urgent scientific data is deemed less worthy of small-screen monopoly. Maybe it's because squiggly lines charting childhood asthma, depression, suicide, obesity, alcohol abuse and diabetes would make even the most robust market index look extremely sick. It’s this complex juxtaposition of indicators that interests Dr Fiona Stanley…"If we live in a society that is only focused on economic success, then I think we are doomed," is her blunt message on the phone from her Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in Perth. … If you look at a civil society, it's one that is equal, that values trust, that values community above individual greed, that preserves the environment, that values childhoods for children, that values prevention rather than cure. "An uncivil society is one that is driven by an economic bottom line only. ….."http://www.theage.com.au/news/entertainment/tv--radio/suffer-the-little-children/2008/10/01/1222651093091.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1.
It is the central point of my last two books ‘Systemic governance and accountability’ and ‘User centric design to address complex needs’.
Human survival depends on: survival of the planet, Caretaking for future generations of life to ensure the global commons (Air, water, soil, biodiversity), Social structures and infrastructures that support the commons, Law and governance (based on freedom to the extent that it does not undermine the freedom and diversity of others). Odum (1997) stressed that we have extracted enormous amounts of energy from the environment to sustain the way of life of the few and this has lead to poverty and pollution in an unsustainable way. The common good has to be placed in the foreground of all social, economic and environmental decisions. It needs to be regarded as our principal concern and we need to regard governments as agents who care for the global commons. Social, economic and environmental factors should govern accountability and accounting. As the cost of fuel raises cars will become unaffordable. Should fuel be subsidized anymore than the agriculture of powerful nations? Should public transport based on renewable solar energy needs receive subsidy and should biofuels that lead to rising food costs and conflict should be declared illegal. Research into alternative energy sources needs to be a priority of the private and public sector research. We need to use desire and will to step on the breaks if we wish to stop the process of driving the planet into the abyss and to undertake a cultural U turn. Public transport and elegant sustainable vehicles should be encouraged. Unsustainable status symbols are nails in our coffin. International Law supported by a re-structured world economy is vital for this change towards an elegant and sane approach to living. The Stern Review (2007) develops an argument that supports the role of a carefully managed market.
A black plastic bag of discarded plastic mixed with organic material. An earnest student of the shakuhachi flute practiced his plaintive music seated on an upright chair under the tree watched by a large crow in a tree overlooking the scene, waiting for his chance for a meal.
At the hotel Japanese and foreign visitors experienced the courtesy of being bowed to by a door man as they entered the hotel. Displaying and receiving courtesy is very important for people who spend their busy working day bowing to others in the vast city. It is comforting to receive extreme courtesy and it perhaps provides a way of coping with crowded cities. When workers leave their offices and become customers in the bustling metropolis they too usually receive the courtesty.
A vignette illustrates the courtesy experienced in a busy commuter train on the anniversary of Hiroshima. I was standing along with two of my colleagues in a rather overheated commuter train. We faced three local commuters, two female and one male. All three were seated with fans. After less than 5 min, the train stopped and in unison they bowed and handed us each (almost as if it were synchronized) three beautiful fans as gifts and signaled us to take their seats. They did not rely on air conditioning.
Japan suicides exceeded 30,000 in 2006. Friday, 9 November, 2007,http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia/japan_suicides_exceeded_30000_in_2006_134841 “The number of suicides in Japan is above 30,000 for the 9th straight year. The Japanese government said employers should help tackle the problem by providing mental health care for their staff. In its annual report on suicide and suicide prevention measures, the Cabinet Office said 32,155 people killed themselves in 2006, according to police statistics. While the figure was down by 397 people from the previous year, Japan's suicide rate remains among the highest in the industrialized world. The rate is also the 9th highest among all countries, the report said, citing World Health Organisation data. Health problems were believed to factor in almost 50 per cent of the suicides in 2006, followed by money problems and household difficulties, the report said. 48 per cent of those who killed themselves were unemployed, it said. Suicides first passed the 30,000 mark in 1998, near the height of an economic slump that left many bankrupt, jobless and desperate. Top government spokesman Nobutaka Machimura said economic bad times and difficulties in the workplace appeared to remain among the leading factors behind the high suicide rate.” This is a problem that needs to be dealt with comprehensively," Machimura told reporters at a regular news conference.” Suicide can be thought of as an illness of the soul, and we need to find ways to treat it." Machimura stressed the need for the central government and local authorities to work together at fully implementing a law approved in June that, in part, calls on employers to offer mental health care services to employees. Japan has already earmarked a substantial budget for programs to help those with depression and other mental conditions. In June, the Cabinet also approved measures that set a goal of cutting the suicide rate by 20 per cent in 10 years. The steps tackle unemployment, boosting workplace counseling and filter websites that promote taking one's own life.
I found the experience of bestowing and receiving courtesy by bowing a novel experience in this very hierarchical society. Even the cash machines provided an icon of a bowing mandarin.
ABC October 5th 2008 Emotions as we experience them need to be examined. The Dalai Lama recalled his experience of leaving Tibet as he viewed early footage of Tibet. China rationalized their occupation as liberating Tibet from religious feudalism and introducing a new egalitarianism. The Dalai Lama lived the life of a prince and reflected on the mixed emotions he felt as he left Tibet to visit Mao. He felt a mixture of excitement and trepidation. When he escaped to India, he felt fear and concern for his people and then as he reached safety, anger and greater courage to speak out. The need to be cautious seemed less necessary. The Dalai Lama lived the life of a prince and reflected on the mixed emotions he felt as he left Tibet to visit Mao. He felt a mixture of excitement and trepidation. When he escaped to India, he felt fear and concern for his people and then as he reached safety, anger and greater courage to speak out. The need to be cautious seemed less necessary. Tibetans see themselves as subject to authoritarianism, repression and immigration programs from China to dilute the Tibetan culture. The Dalai Lama has used his leadership role to try to broker a dialogue with China. As yet this has not occurred, despite the hope that the Olympics in Beijing would offer an opportunity.
McIntyre-Mills J (2008a) Systemic Ethics: Social, Economic and Environmental Implications of Eating our Yellow Cake in South Australia Volume 25. 2 225–248.
Warren. Time to price carbon climate change Australian March 29–30 2008, 1 To draw on this article, within 2 years Australia will introduce carbon trading.
http://www.theage.com.au/world/is-greed-still-good-20081008-4wow.html?page=-1AS THE financial tsunami rolls out across the world, crushing seemingly invincible institutions in its path and threatening the livelihoods of millions, the blame game has begun. But there's a problem. The most obvious candidates for pillorying have disappeared. Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns have gone up in smoke. Merrill Lynch has been consumed. Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have been turned into high street banks, the kind with plastic pot plants in the corner and bowls of sweets to entice the kids. In short: how can you vent your spleen at a ghost? As Bill Clinton, out on the campaign trail recently for Barack Obama, summed up the conundrum: "The Wall Street you are mad at doesn't exist anymore. It vanished.” But there is one man who may have the answer to the riddle. Tom Wolfe is one of the shrewdest observers of the world of money. His novel, The Bonfire of the Vanities, first published in 1987, is a magnificent evocation of its era. Central character, Wall Street bond trader Sherman McCoy, personified the avariciousness and self-aggrandizement of the Reagan years. He dubbed himself a Master of the Universe, borrowing the branding from a toy he saw a child playing with. The name fitted: after all, McCoy had the power to make $50,000 in a single phone call, just like that. McCoy's self-description—alongside "greed is good", the motto of the fictitious trader Gordon Gekko (played by Michael Douglas) from Oliver Stone's film of the same year, Wall Street—became the catchphrase of the decade. Over the past 2 weeks Wolfe has been bombarded with questions: Where are the Masters of the Universe now? …"You don't have to work in a huge glass silo like those off Wall Street to operate billion-dollar hedge funds.…Most of the top players, he points out, are far too smart not to have already laid down their "nut"—weather-free investments that provide enough interest on the capital to ensure their Round Hill Road lifestyles can be sustained no matter what. But for the meantime, while the storm lasts, the Masters of the Universe are keeping firmly out of sight”.
Albrechts, J Blessed change in the climate, cynically applauds the narrow pragmatism and shift in policy, driven by simplistic economics. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,,24811095-17803,00.htmlDecember 17, 2008 05:47pm AEDT |.
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McIntyre-Mills, J. Conclusion: New Directions Through Extending Deliberative Democracy to Enhance Representation and Accountability. Syst Pract Action Res 22, 201–218 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-009-9122-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-009-9122-3