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Pathways to Adulthood: Sequences in the School-to-Work Transition in Finland, Norway and Sweden

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Abstract

Research on youth transitions often follows the lines of classic welfare state typologies. Thus, given the institutional similarities, the transition from youth to adulthood in the Nordic countries has often been considered a specific type of trajectory. However, little research exists on how country differences within the Nordic cluster shape young people’s pathways from education to work. Thus, little is known about intra-Nordic variations caused by national labour market regulations and social safety nets (e.g. parental insurance, public day care and unemployment security). In this article, we use sequence analysis to examine the transition process from school to work in Finland, Norway and Sweden and to find how these processes are linked to family formation patterns. The results indicate that Finland, Norway and Sweden to a great extent share the same general types of school-to-work trajectories. The role of family establishment in workforce entry trajectories, on the other hand, differs in some respects. There is a very strong link between early parenthood among Finnish women and trajectories leading to labour market exclusion. This is interpreted in light of the Finnish labour market and family policy.

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Notes

  1. “Problematic” refers to trajectories dominated by NEET status and unstable labour force status (see Table 1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of Bergen, Rosenbergsgaten 39, 5020, Bergen, Norway

    Thomas Lorentzen

  2. Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden

    Olof Bäckman

  3. Social Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland

    Ilari Ilmakunnas

  4. Social Policy Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland

    Ilari Ilmakunnas & Timo Kauppinen

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  1. Thomas Lorentzen
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  2. Olof Bäckman
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Correspondence to Thomas Lorentzen.

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Lorentzen, T., Bäckman, O., Ilmakunnas, I. et al. Pathways to Adulthood: Sequences in the School-to-Work Transition in Finland, Norway and Sweden. Soc Indic Res 141, 1285–1305 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1877-4

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