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Overview, opportunities and outlook for Australian spiny lobster fisheries

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Abstract

Australia’s lobster fisheries are relatively small in volume (9500t) compared with global production (289,000t), but are the country’s most valuable in terms of both overall production and value of export (2014 Gross Value of Production of $610 million AUD). Further, they support commercial, recreational and indigenous fishers along most of the continent’s coastline. Here we review similarities and key differences between these lobster fisheries, based on biological characteristics, fishery data collection, assessment and management methods, and supply chain considerations. A diverse range of palinurid lobsters occur in Australia, but only three genera, distributed across eight different management jurisdictions, support significant fisheries. Catches of western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus dominate landings (61%), followed by southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii, tropical lobster Panulirus ornatus and the eastern rock lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi. Large-scale environmental influences such as climate change are impacting on these fisheries in similar or different ways forcing new management and raising the need for greater resilience in current supply chains. Although these are separate fisheries, the integrated nature of the dominant Chinese export markets suggests potentially important economic and market-related interactions. Our overview highlights the critical role of continued monitoring of recruitment pulses, in combination with robust harvest strategies, to ensure that harvests respond adequately and fisheries achieve biological and economic sustainability. Approaches that also include socio-cultural considerations (triple bottom line) are important given many fisheries include indigenous Australians. Our integrated analysis of Australian lobster fisheries highlights differences and similarities with spiny lobster fisheries worldwide and lessons from opportunities, including adapting to new free trade agreements, enhancing the reputation of wild lobsters as a whole, sharing expertise, and better alignment of supply and demand.

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Notes

  1. http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fen%2Fitem%2F214442%2Ficode%2F&ei=HxoyVNvtIoa68gWZ1oKACg&usg=AFQjCNE3kHBJkd_4d7K2DooNRP4rL_JEdw&sig2=i-nqZ-OG_tSAc6gqgpx7KA.

  2. http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-capture-production/en.

  3. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-26/robe-businesses-cannot-sell-lobster-due-to-china-exports/6974938.

  4. Wild Oceans 2009 http://www.southernrocklobster.com/lib/pdf/publications/mf1274.pdf.

  5. http://www.brolos.com.au/brolos-corporate/history-timeline/all-pages.html.

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Acknowledgements

The work reviewed in this article was funded by the CSIRO, the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA), the Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC), the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of PIRSA, and lobster fishing industries in all state jurisdictions. We thank R. Pitcher, A. Hobday, P. Breen, M. Thiel and an anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier draft.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland BioSciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Éva E. Plagányi & Darren Dennis

  2. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA, 5022, Australia

    Richard McGarvey & Adrian Linnane

  3. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, 7001, Australia

    Caleb Gardner, Klaas Hartmann, Bridget Green & Cecilia Villanueva

  4. Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia

    Nick Caputi & Simon de Lestang

  5. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia

    Geoffrey Liggins

  6. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7004, Australia

    E. Ingrid & Cecilia Villanueva

  7. MG Kailis Pty Ltd, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Brett Arlidge

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  1. Éva E. Plagányi
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Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8.

Fig. 5
figure 5

Plot showing a trends in total biomass (t) for 1983–2013 and total catch (t) for 1983–2014 of Australian lobster fisheries as summarized in Table 1. b Total biomass and total catch when excluding the WRL catch and biomass estimates given that they dominate the totals. A regression line has been fitted to each series to estimate whether there is a significant positive or negative trend, based on critical values for Pearson’s correlation coefficient r (two-tailed test): a total biomass (df = 29, ns); total catch (df = 30, P < 0.001, negative slope); b biomass excluding WRL (df = 29, P < 0.05, negative slope); catch excluding WRL (df = 30, P < 0.001, negative slope)

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Fig. 6
figure 6

Comparing regional trends in lobster biomass, where north includes TRL_TS, TRL_EC and NSW, south includes Tas, Vic, SA_SZ and SA_NZ and west is WRL

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Fig. 7
figure 7

Plot showing the relative contribution to total GVP (2014) from each of the lobster management jurisdictions as shown. See Table 1 for full list of abbreviations

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Fig. 8
figure 8

Plot showing the number of lobster stocks, of species as indicated, with supply peaking each month, compared with the peak demand period. WRL western rock lobster; TRL tropical rock lobster; SRL southern rock lobster; ERL eastern rock lobster

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Plagányi, É.E., McGarvey, R., Gardner, C. et al. Overview, opportunities and outlook for Australian spiny lobster fisheries. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 28, 57–87 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9493-y

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