Abstract
The effect of accessibility upon rent is investigated for office properties located in Downtown Stockholm. Starting from the firm’s cost minimization problem, a translog hedonic model is derived. The results suggest the model has good predictive power in explaining the variation in the log of the rent. A negative rent gradient is obtained with a base approximately 90 m from the postulated focal point. It appears as if Space Syntax adds important information to the understanding of the intraurban office rent pattern.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The rent elasticity with respect to size is: \( \frac{{\partial \ln {\text{Rent}}}} {{\partial \ln {\text{Size}}}} = \alpha _{1} + \alpha _{{11}} \ln {\text{Size}} + \frac{1} {2}\alpha _{{12}} \ln {\text{Dist}} + \frac{1} {2}\alpha _{{13}} \ln {\text{Integration}} \). Inserting the coefficient estimates and the mean of ln Size, ln Dist, and ln Integration yields: \(0.882 - 0.005 \times 5.496 + 0.5 \times 0.061 \times 6.548 - 0.5 \times 0.287 \times 0.251 = 1.018\) The standard error for this linear combination of the least squares estimates is computed as the square root of \({\text{Var}}{\left[ {\widehat{\alpha }_{1} + \widehat{\alpha }_{{11}} \overline{{\ln {\text{Size}}}} + \frac{1}{2}\widehat{\alpha }_{{12}} \overline{{\ln {\text{Dist}}}} + \frac{1}{2}\widehat{\alpha }_{{13}} \overline{{\ln {\text{Integration}}}} } \right]} = 0.0158\)
References
Alonso, W. (1964). Location and land use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Ballintyne, S., Pease, K., & McLaren, V. (2000). Secure foundations: Key issues in crime prevention, crime reduction and community. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Batty, M., & Rana, S. (2004). The automatic definition of axial lines and axial maps. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(4), 615–640.
Brown, M. G. (1999). Design and value: Spatial form and the economic failure of a mall. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 17(2), 189–226.
Brown, J., & Rosen, H. (1982). On the estimation of structural hedonic price models. Econometrica, 50(3), 765–769.
Cassel, E., & Mendelsohn, R. (1985). The choice of functional form for hedonic price equations: Comment. Journal of Urban Economics, 18(2), 135–142.
Choi, Y. (1999). The morphology of exploration and encounter in museum layouts. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26(2), 241–250.
Colwell, P. F. (1993). Comment: Semiparametric estimate of the marginal price of floorspace. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 7(1), 73–75.
Cutting, M. (2003). The use of spatial analysis to study prehistoric settlement architecture. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 22(1), 1–21.
Desyllas, J. (1999). When downtown moves. Proceedings, Space Syntax Second International Symposium.
Diewert, E. (2003). Hedonic regressions: A consumer theory approach. In R. C. Feenstra, & M. D. Shapiro (Ed.), Scanner data and price indexes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Ekeland, I., Heckman, J., & Nesheim, L. (2002). Identifying Hedonic Models. American Economic Review, 92(2), 304–309.
Ekeland, I., Heckman, J., & Nesheim, L. (2004). Identification and estimation of hedonic models. Journal Political Economy, 112(1), 60–119.
Ferguson, T. J. (1996). Historic zuni architecture and society: An archaeological application of space syntax. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Gunnelin, Å., & Söderberg, B. (2003). Term structures in the office rental market in Stockholm. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 26(2), 241–265.
Halvorsen, R., & Pollakowski, H. O. (1979). Choice of functional form for hedonic price equations. Journal of Urban Economics, 10(10), 37–49.
Hillier, B. (1988). Against enclosure. In N. Teymur, T. Markus, & T. Wooley (Ed.), Rehumanising housing. London: Butterworths.
Hillier, B. (1996). Space is the machine. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The social logic of space. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Hillier, B., & Penn, A. (2004). Rejoinder to Carlo Ratti. Environment and Planning B: Planning and design, 31(4), 501–511.
Hillier, B., & Shu, S. (2000). Crime and urban layout: The need for evidence. In S. Ballintyne, K. Pease, & V. McLaren (Eds.), Secure foundations: Key issues in crime prevention, crime reduction and community safety. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Hillier, B., Burdett, R., Peponis, J., & Penn, A. (1987). Creating life: or, Does architecture determine anything? Architecture and Behaviour, 3(3), 233–250.
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., Peponis, J., Hudson, J., & Burdett, R. (1983). Space syntax: A new urban perspective. Architects Journal, 178(48), 48–63.
Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T., & Xu, J. (1993). Natural movement: or, Configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(1), 29–66.
Huff, D. L. (1963) A probabilistic analysis of shopping center trade areas. Land Economics, 39(1), 81–90.
Janssen, C., & Söderberg, B. (2001). Estimating distance gradients for apartment properties. Urban Studies, 38(1), 61–79.
Jiang, B., & Claramunt, C. (2002). Integration of space syntax into GIS: New perspectives for urban morphology. Transactions in GIS, 6(3), 295–309.
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Batty, M. (1999). Geometric accessibility and geographic information: Extending desktop GIS to space syntax. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 23(2), 127–146.
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Klarqvist, B. (2000). An integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2(3), 161–171.
Kim, H., & Sohn, D. W. (2002). An analysis of the relationship between land use density of office buildings and urban street configuration. Cities, 19(6), 409–418.
Krüger, M. J. T. (1979). An approach to built form connectivity at an urban scale: System descriptions and its representation. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 6(1), 67–88.
Lancaster, K. J. (1966). A new approach to consumer theory. Journal of Political Economy, 74(2), 132–157.
Lancaster, K. J. (1971). Consumer demand: A new approach. New York: Columbia University Press.
March, L., & Steadman, P. (1971). The geometry of environment: An introduction to spatial organizations in design. London: RIBA.
Mason, C., Quigley, J. M. (1996). Non-parametric hedonic housing prices. Urban Studies, 11(3), 373–385.
Mills, E. S. (1967). An aggregative model of resource allocation in a metropolitan area. American Economic Review, 57(2), 197–210.
Mills, E. S. (1972). Studies in the structure of the urban economy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Muth, R. F. (1969). Cities and Housing. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Netzell, O. (2003). The influence of integration values on office rents. MSc Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
Peponis, J. E., Hajinikolaou, E., Livieratos, C., & Fatouros, D. A. (1989). The Spatial Core of Urban Culture. Ekistics, 56(334),43–55.
Ratti, C. (2004a). Space syntax: Some inconsistencies. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(4), 487–499.
Ratti, C. (2004b). Rejoinder to Hillier and Penn. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(4), 513–516.
Reilly, W. J. (1931). The law of retail gravitation. New York: William J Reilly.
Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: Product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34–55.
Teklenburg, J. A. F., Timmermans, H. J. P., & van Wagenberg, D. (1993). Space syntax: Standardised integration measures and some simulations. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(3), 347–357.
Tinbergen, J. (1956). On the theory of income distribution. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 77(2), 155–173.
Turner, A., Penn, A., & Hillier, B. (2005). An algorithmic definition of the axial map. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32(3), 425–444.
Vaughan, L., Clark, D. C., Sahbaz, O., & Haklay, M. (2005). Space and exclusion: Does urban morphology play a part in social deprivation? Area, 37(4), 402–412.
von Thünen, J. (1826). Der isolierte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalokonomie. F. Perthes. English Translation (1966) The isolated state. New York: Pergamon Press.
Acknowledgments
The author is grateful to Adam Finn, Robin Lindsey, Alice Nakamura, Bo Söderberg, seminar participants at the 2004 CORS/INFORMS Joint International Meeting, seminar participants at the University of Alberta and three anonymous JREFE reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. Any errors are the responsibility of the author. Opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the views of any other individual or institution.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-008-9136-0
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Enström, R., Netzell, O. Can Space Syntax Help Us in Understanding the Intraurban Office Rent Pattern? Accessibility and Rents in Downtown Stockholm. J Real Estate Finan Econ 36, 289–305 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-007-9054-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-007-9054-6