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Reading and Writing

, Volume 31, Issue 6, pp 1435–1448 | Cite as

Dynamics of mirror writing compared to conventional writing in typical preliterate children

  • Marine Portex
  • Carolane Hélin
  • Corinne Ponce
  • Jean-Noël Foulin
Article
First Online:

Abstract

In left-to-right writing cultures, spontaneous mirror writing of letters and digits in preliterate children appears more frequently on left-than right-facing characters. A compelling theory drawn on neuropsychological evidence of mirror generalization suggests that children resort to a right-orienting/writing rule when learning to write. The aim of the present study was to conceptually replicate and specify recent findings (Fischer, 2017a) on the predominant contribution of writing directionality to mirror writing in preliterate children. A training study was designed to compare on-line production of conventional versus mirror writing of 4-to-5 year-old French children (n = 30). Over a 4-week period, children were taught to write from memory words and digits. During a subsequent writing-from-memory task, a spatial constraint (Cornell, 1985) was imposed to elicit paired conventional and mirror writing of the words/digits. Spatial and kinematic data were recorded through the use of a digital pen. The results indicate a main contribution of writing directionality to letter and digit reversals. Furthermore, kinematic equivalence between conventional and mirror writing supports the neurological mirror generalization process in children. Overall, these results constitute a further illustration that the manifestation of mirror writing in typically developing children is culture-bound.

Keywords

Mirror writing Letter reversal Digit reversal Writing directionality Kinematics 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Superior School of Teaching and Education (ESPE) of Aquitaine for financial support that made this research possible.

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© Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Laboratoire de Psychologie EA 4139Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance

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