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Reading and Writing

, Volume 30, Issue 2, pp 279–298 | Cite as

The impact of L1 writing system on ESL knowledge of vowel and consonant spellings

  • Katherine I. Martin
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Orthographic knowledge, the general ability to learn, store, and use information about the orthographic form of words (Stanovich & West, 1989), is a crucial skill for supporting literacy. Although the development of first language (L1) orthographic awareness is impacted by the characteristics of a learner’s L1 writing system, relatively little is known about what impact the L1 may have on second language (L2) orthographic awareness. In this study, English language learners from three L1s (French, Hebrew, Mandarin Chinese), plus L1 English speakers, were tested on their English spelling knowledge using a word-pseudohomophone discrimination task. In addition to allowing for the cross-linguistic comparisons, items were designed to examine whether learners had differing performance on pseudohomophones (misspellings) that targeted vowels versus consonants. Consistent with previous research (e.g., McBride-Chang, Bialystok, Cong, & Li, 2004), the L1 Chinese speakers had the highest (L2) accuracy, followed by the L1 Hebrew and the L1 French speakers. The participants from non-alphabetic languages (Hebrew and Chinese) had significantly lower accuracy on items with misspellings involving vowels compared to consonants, and the size of the vowel-consonant accuracy difference varied substantially across L1 groups. The results demonstrate that the characteristics of a learner’s L1 writing system, particularly the existence of vowel and consonant graphemes, impact the development of L2 orthographic knowledge and sensitivity to different types of word misspellings.

Keywords

L2 literacy Orthographic awareness ESL Spelling 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant, BCS-1421354, a Language Learning Dissertation Grant, the Israel Heritage Room Committee Scholarship (part of the Nationality Rooms Scholarship Program at the University of Pittsburgh), and a research grant from the University of Pittsburgh Department of Linguistics. The author was also supposed by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The author thanks Philippe Prévost, Anat Prior, Wei-Chang Shann, and David Wible for their support during data collection for this study. The author also thanks Alan Juffs, Keiko Koda, Charles Perfetti, Yasuhiro Shirai, and Natasha Tokowicz for their comments and feedback on this work.

Compliance with ethical standards

All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Conflict of interest

The author declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of LinguisticsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleUSA

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