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Reading and Writing

, Volume 30, Issue 1, pp 87–103 | Cite as

The pathway to English word reading in Chinese ESL children: the role of spelling

  • Dan Lin
  • Yingyi Liu
  • Huilin Sun
  • Richard Kwok Shing Wong
  • Susanna Siu-sze Yeung
Article
First Online:

Abstract

The present longitudinal study investigated the role of spelling as a bridge between various reading-related predictors and English word reading in Chinese children learning English as a Second Language (ESL). One hundred and forty-one 5-year-old kindergarten children from Hong Kong, whose first language (L1) was Cantonese and second language (L2) was English, were administered tests of phonological awareness, letter knowledge, English vocabulary, spelling and English word reading at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) at 3-month intervals over a 6-month period. Nonverbal IQ was included as a control variable. The results showed that phonological awareness, letter knowledge and English vocabulary at T1 all predicted English word reading (T3) through spelling (T2). Further mediation analyses showed that, for phonological awareness and English vocabulary, full mediation effects were found. For letter knowledge, a partial mediation effect was observed. These results suggest that, in Chinese ESL kindergarteners, reading-related predictors foster word reading via spelling, a process that intersects phonology, orthography and semantics. Practical implications of these findings were also discussed.

Keywords

Spelling English word reading Phonological awareness Letter Vocabulary ESL 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was partially supported by the Grant from Quality Education Fund (2012/0316), Hong Kong SAR, given to the corresponding author. We sincerely thank all the participating schools and children.

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© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Dan Lin
    • 1
    • 3
  • Yingyi Liu
    • 1
    • 3
  • Huilin Sun
    • 1
    • 3
  • Richard Kwok Shing Wong
    • 2
    • 3
  • Susanna Siu-sze Yeung
    • 1
    • 3
  1. 1.Department of Psychological StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong Kong
  2. 2.Department of Early Childhood EducationThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong Kong
  3. 3.Centre for Brain and EducationThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong Kong

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