Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis

, Volume 115, Issue 2, pp 449–461 | Cite as

Electrooxidation of cyanide ion on a platinized Ti electrode

Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Decontamination of highly concentrated cyanide solutions by the method of electrochemical oxidation is presented in this work. By using a Ti electrode covered with 600 nm average thickness layer of Pt, the effective electrooxidation of 0.1 M KCN solution is possible when 25 mA cm−2 current density is applied. Current efficiencies of ~60 % are achieved, and almost full removal of the cyanide ions (from 0.1 to 0.00016 M) are reached when 69 kC L−1 of charge is passed. The kinetics of electrochemical reaction of cyanide oxidation was investigated by voltammetry and fast Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The kinetic parameters of cyanide ion electrooxidation reaction are determined and the mechanism of anodic reaction is suggested by considering the analysis of EIS data.

Keywords

Cyanide Electrooxidation Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Kuyucak N, Akcil A (2013) Cyanide and removal options from effluents in gold mining and metallurgical processes. Miner Eng 50–51:13–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Dash RR, Gaur A, Balomajumder C (2009) Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: a review on biotreatment. J Hazard Mater 163:1–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Dash RR, Majumder CB, Kumar MA (2008) Treatment of metal cyanide bearing wastewater by simultaneous adsorption biodegradation. J Hazard Mater 152:387–396CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Parga JR, Shulka SS, Carillo-Pedroza FR (2003) Destruction of cyanide waste solutions using chlorine dioxide, ozone and titania sol. Waste Manage 23:183–191CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Yeddou AR, Chergui S, Chergui A, Halet F, Hamza A, Nadjemi B, Ould-Dris A, Belkouch J (2011) Removal of cyanide in aqueous solution by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in presence of copper-impregnated activated carbon. Miner Eng 24:788–793CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Cushnie G (2009) Pollution prevention and control technologies for plating operations, Sect. 6—wastewater treatment, 2nd ed. National Center for Manufacturing Sciences, Ann Arbor, (ISBN:978-0-615266-39-8) March 2009Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Kilborn Engineering Ltd (1991) Best available pollution control technology, report prepared for the Ontario (Canada) Ministry of the Environment Metal Mining Sector. http://archive.org/details/bestavailablepol00kilbuoft. Accessed 06 Mar 2015
  8. 8.
  9. 9.
    Arellano CAP, Martinez SS (2007) Indirect electrochemical oxidation of cyanide by hydrogen peroxide generated at a carbon cathode. Int J Hydrogen Energy 32(15):3163–3169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Osathaphan K, Chucherdwatanasak B, Rachdawong P, Sharma VK (2008) Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate on the oxidation of cyanide in an electrochemical process. J Environ Sci Health A 43(3):295–299CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Pedraza-Avella JA, Acevedo-Pena P, Pedraza-Rosas JE (2008) Photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide on TiO2: an electrochemical approach. Catal Today 133:611–618CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Su Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Hong J (2009) Silver recovery and cyanide removal from silver-plating wastewater using pulse-electrolysis. Huagong Xuebao/CIESC J 60(9):2308–2313Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Hartinger L (1994) Handbook of effluence treatment and recycling for the metal finishing, 2nd edn. Finishing Publications Ltd, StevenageGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Saarela K, Kuokkanen T (2004) Alternative disposal methods for wastewater containing cyanide: analytical methods for new electrolysis technology developed for total treatment of wastewater containing gold or silver cyanide. In: Pongracz E (ed) Proceedings of the waste minimization and resource use optimization conference, University of Oulu, Oulu, 10 June 2004Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Szpyrkowicz L, Kelsall GH, Souto RM, Ricci F, Kaul SN (2005) Hydrodynamic effects on the performance of an electrochemical reactor for destruction of copper cyanide. Part 1: in situ formation of the electrocatalytic film. Chem Eng Sci 60:523–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Szpyrkowicz L, Kelsall GH, Souto RM, Ricci F, Kaul SN (2005) Hydrodynamic effects on the performance of an electrochemical reactor for destruction of copper cyanide. Part 2—reactor kinetics and current efficiencies. Chem Eng Sci 60:535–543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Cheng SC, Gattrell M, Guena T, MacDougall B (2002) The electrochemical oxidation of alkaline copper cyanide solutions. Electrochim Acta 47:3245–3256CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Szpyrkowicz L, Kaul SN, Molga E, DeFaveri M (2000) Comparison of the performance of a reactor equipped with a Ti/Pt and an SS anode for simultaneous cyanide removal and copper recovery. Electrochim Acta 46:381–387CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Kelsall GH, Savage S, Brandt D (1991) Cyanide oxidation at nickel anodes II. Voltammetry and coulometry of systems. J Electrochem Soc 138(1):117–124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Hine F, Yasuda M, Iida T, Ogata Y (1986) On the oxidation of cyanide solutions with lead dioxide coated anode. Electrochim Acta 31(11):389–1395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    El-Ghaoui EA, Jansson REW, Moreland C (1982) Application of the trickle tower to problems of pollution-control. II. The direct and indirect oxidation of cyanide. J Appl Electrochem 12:669–673CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Bakir Ogutveren U, Toru E, Koparal S (1999) Removal of cyanide by anodic oxidation for wastewater treatment. Elsevier Sci Ltd 33(8):1851–1856Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Arikado T, Iwakura C, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1976) Anodic oxidation of potassium cyanide on the graphite electrode. Electrochim Acta 21:1021–1027CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Tamura H, Arikado T, Yoneyama H, Matsuda Y (1974) Anodic oxidation of potassium cyanide on platinum electrode. Electrochim Acta 19:273–277CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Stavart A, Lierde AV (2001) Electrooxidation of cyanide on cobalt oxide anodes. J Appl Electrochem 31(4):469–474CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Canizares P, Diaz M, Dominguez JA, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA (2005) Electrochemical treatment of diluted cyanide aqueous wastes. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 80:565–573CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Felix-Navarro RM, Lin ShW, Violante-Delgadillo V, Zizumbo-Lopez A, Perez-Sicairos S (2011) Cyanide degradation by direct and indirect electrochemical oxidation in electro-active support electrolyte aqueous solutions. J Mex Chem Soc 55(1):51–56Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Sakalis A, Fytanos K, Nickel U, Voulgaropoulos A (2006) A comparative study of platinised titanium and niobe/synthetic diamond as anodes in the electrochemical treatment of textile wastewater. Chem Eng J 119:127–133CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Yu EH, Scott K, Reeve RW, Yang L, Allen RG (2004) Characterisation of platinised Ti mesh electrodes using electrochemical methods: methanol oxidation in sodium hydroxide solutions. Electrochim Acta 49:2443–2452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Kim KW, Kim SM, Kim YH, Lee EH, Shin DW, Song KS (2008) Platinization of Ti for the fabrication of a Sn-modified Pt/Ti electrode for reduction of nitrate. J Appl Electrochem 38:1535–1543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Rodrigues de Oliveira G, Suely Fernandes N, Vieira de Melo J, Ribeiro da Silva D, Urgeghe C, Martinez-Huitle CA (2011) Electrocatalytic properties of Ti-supported Pt for decolorizing and removing dye from synthetic textile wastewaters. Chem Eng J 168:208–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Valiūnienė A, Baltrūnas G, Keršulytė V, Margarian Ž, Valinčius G (2013) The degradation of cyanide by anodic electrooxidation using different anode materials. Process Saf Environ Prot 91(4):269–274CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Popkirov G (2000) An Experimental Approach to the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy—measurement Techniques and Data Validation. Curr Top Electrochem 7:23–47Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania

Personalised recommendations