Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics

, Volume 53, Issue 7–8, pp 431–440 | Cite as

Evaluating the Energy Content of Nonequilibrium Tungsten and Molybdenum Carbide Structures

Article
First Online:
Received:
  • 37 Downloads

The paper shows that X-ray diffraction can be used to evaluate changes in the energy content of materials after mechanical activation to determine the energy characteristics of powder tungsten and molybdenum carbides in the feedstock preparation process. This is important for controlling the properties of tungsten carbide hardmetals and inoculating castings using molybdenum carbides.

Keywords

tungsten and molybdenum carbides mechanical activation metal organics X-ray diffraction energy content 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    G. Gille, B. Szeny, K. Dreyer, et al., “Submicron and ultrafine grained hard metals for microdrills and metal cutting inserts,” in: Proc. 15th Int. Plansee Seminar, Reutte, Austria (2001), Vol. 2, pp. 782–816.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Lin Sha Gang, Yang Gnibin, et al., “Production of nanocrystalline WC/Co with Y additions,” J. Chin. Rare Earth Soc., 21, No. 6, 29–34 (2003).Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    A. G. Ermilov, V. V. Safonov, L. F. Doroshko, et al., “X-ray analysis of the amount of energy stored during preliminary mechanical activation,” Izv. Vuzov. Tsvet. Metall., No. 3, 48–53 (2002).Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    B. F. Ormont, Introduction to Physical Chemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Semiconductors [in Russian], Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow (1973), p. 656.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    V. A. Alekseenko, “Basic factors of accumulating chemical elements by organisms,” Soros. Obraz. Zh., 7, No. 8, 20–24 (2001).Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    V. V. Zuev, G. Ya. Askenova, N. A. Mochalov, et al., “Using specific lattice energies of minerals and inorganic crystals to evaluate their properties,” Obogashch. Rud, No. 1–2, 48–53 (1999).Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    I. T. Goronovskii, Yu. P. Nazarenko, and E. F. Fekryach, A Short Chemistry Handbook [in Russian], Izd. Akad. Nauk USSR, Kiev (1962), p. 660.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    K. A. Bol’shakov, Chemistry and Technology of Rare and Trace Elements [in Russian], Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow (1976), Part 3, p. 321.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    R. A. Andrievskii and I. I. Spivak, Strength of Refractory Compounds and Associated Materials: Handbook [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Chelyabinsk (1989), p. 368.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    T. Ya. Kosolapova, Carbides [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1968), p. 300.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Wear-Resistant Materials with High Hardness: Superhard Materials, Metallic Compounds, Nonmetallic Oxygen-Free Compounds; Information for Engineers; R&D, Engineering Calculations and Services; URL: http://www.highexpert.ru/content/hwr_materials/ hard_materials.html (inquiry date: May 17, 2013).
  12. 12.
    Tungsten Carbide (WC), Bulk; An information portal for the MEMS and Nanotechnology Community; URL: http://www.memsnet.org/material/tungstencarbidewcbulk (inquiry date: May 27, 2013).
  13. 13.
    Mc. A. J. Ginnis, R. Thomas, W. Jagannadham, and K. Jagannadham, Residual Stresses in a Multilayer System of Coatings, Copyright JCPDS, International Centre for Diffraction Data (1999), pp. 443–457.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    G. V. Samsonov (ed.), Carbides and Their Alloys [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1976), p. 305.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    G. I. Kostyuk and O. M. Melkozerova, “Evaluating adhesion characteristics of materials in contact with coatings,” Aviats. Kosm. Tekh. Tekhnol., No. 3, 16–22 (2011).Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    V. A. Rabinovich and Z. Ya. Khavin, A Short Chemistry Handbook [in Russian], Khimiya, Leningrad (1977), p. 376.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    M. I. Dvornik and E. A. Mikhailenko. “Hardness evaluation of VK8 hardmetal with the finite-element method,” Khim. Fiz. Mezoskop., 11, No. 4, 433–440 (2009).Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    A. N. Zelikman and L. S. Nikitina, Tungsten [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1978), p. 272.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    A. G. Ermilov, N. N. Rakova, A. F. Borun, and A. M. Dodonov, “Factors influencing the formation of metal–carbon bonds in organometallic mixtures,” Izv. Vuzov. Tsvet. Metall., No. 1, 28–34 (2007).Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    G. M. Vol’dman, A. G. Ermilov, and N. N. Rakova, “Oxygen effect on the production of nanosized tungsten- and molybdenum-containing powder materials,” Tsvet. Met., No. 8, 82–86 (2007).Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    A. G. Ermilov, E. V. Bogatyreva, and T. A. Sviridova, “Composition and parameters of tungsten-containing nanocrystalline organometallic structures,” Izv. Vuzov. Tsvet. Metall., No. 4, 47–51 (2009).Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    A. N. Zelikman, Molybdenum [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1970), p. 440.Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    A. G. Ermilov and N. N. Rakova, “Factors influencing the thermal stability of metastable phases of tungsten and molybdenum subcarbides,” Tsvet. Met., No. 1, 67–69 (2007).Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    A. G. Ermilov and N. N. Rakova “Effect of nucleation centers on nanostructure formation during decomposition of organometallic compounds,” Izv. Vuzov. Tsvet. Metall., No. 5, 46–54 (2007).Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    V. V. Zuev, G. A. Aksenova, N. A. Mochalov, et al., “Studying the specific lattice energies of minerals and inorganic crystals to evaluate their properties,” Obogashch. Rud, No. 1–2, 48–53 (1999).Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    V. Falcovsky, Y. Blagoveschski, L. Klyachko, et al., “Nanocrystalline WC–Co hard metals produced by plasmochemical method,” in: Proc. 15th Int. Plansee Seminar, Reutte, Austria (2001), Vol. 2, pp. 91–96.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.National University of Science and Technology ‘Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys’MoscowRussia

Personalised recommendations