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Segregation of Lolium perenne into a subpopulation with high infection by endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii results in improved agronomic performance

  • Zhenjiang Chen
  • Chunjie LiEmail author
  • Zhibiao Nan
  • James F. White
  • Yuanyuan Jin
  • Xuekai Wei
Regular Article
First Online:

Abstract

Background and aims

Low temperature stress is a common hazard during plant growth. Endophyte infection has been shown to increase cold tolerance in host plants. Many Lolium perenne cultivars contain low to moderate levels of endophyte. This study was done to explore cultivar improvement by segregation of endophyte containing individuals from the original cultivar to create a high endophyte subpopulation.

Methods

Endophyte-infected plants were segregated over the first 3 years to produce high-endophyte subpopulation, and field and greenhouse experiments were carried out in the forth and fifth to determine the cold tolerance of the L. perenne subpopulation with high endophyte infection rates (N), the parent (F), the control endophyte-free subpopulation (E) and the control local variety (L).

Results

(1) After 3 years of screening, high endophyte infection rates in the tillers and seeds of plants were still observed (96.5%), and agronomic traits (crown width, plant height, panicle number, withering, regreen-up, the growth cycle and the over-wintering rate) was also improved with increased Epichloë colonization of host plant. (2) The subpopulation with high endophyte infection rates and improved agronomic traits had better cold tolerance than the parent, the control endophyte-free subpopulation and the control local variety. The possible mechanisms by which high endophyte infection enhances cold resistance in the field include increased root system, increased the over-wintering rate, reduced regrowth periods with the sowing date being October 15th. (3) The high-endophyte subpopulation significantly increased SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities at 0, 5, and 10 °C by 11.8%–44.6%, compared with the parent population.

Conclusions

The subpopulation had a high endophyte infection rate, improved agronomic traits and higher enzymatic activities. These results indicate that increasing endophyte infection rates by selection, effectively improved agronomic traits and cold tolerance.

Keywords

Lolium perenne E. festucae var. lolii Endophyte infection rate Cold tolerance Sowing date Low temperature stress 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We thank Jingle Zhou, Jing Liu, Hao Chen, and Weihu Lin for help with this experiments, and Taixiang Chen and Xiang Yao for beneficial discussions regarding the manuscript.

Funding information

This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138702), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0302), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20100102), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, China (IRT17R50), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (LZUJBKY-2018-kb10 and 2019-kb10) and 111 Project (B12002). The authors are thankful for support from USDA-NIFA Multistate Project W4147, and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
  2. 2.Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUSA

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