Lack of repeatable differential expression patterns between MON810 and comparable commercial varieties of maize
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Abstract
The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in many countries follows strict regulations to assure that only products that have been safety tested in relation to human health and the environment are marketed. Thus, GMOs must be authorized before use. By complementing more targeted approaches, profiling methods can assess possible unintended effects of transformation. We used microarrays to compare the transcriptome profiles of widely commercialized maize MON810 varieties and their non-GM near-isogenic counterparts. The expression profiles of MON810 seedlings are more similar to those of their corresponding near-isogenic varieties than are the profiles of other lines produced by conventional breeding. However, differential expression of ∼1.7 and ∼0.1% of transcripts was identified in two variety pairs (AristisBt/Aristis and PR33P67/PR33P66) that had similar cryIA(b) mRNA levels, demonstrating that commercial varieties of the same event have different similarity levels to their near-isogenic counterparts without the transgene (note that these two pairs also show phenotypic differences). In the tissues, developmental stage and varieties analyzed, we could not identify any gene differentially expressed in all variety-pairs. However, a small set of sequences were differentially expressed in various pairs. Their relation to the transgenesis was not proven, although this is likely to be modulated by the genetic background of each variety.
Keywords
GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) MON810 Maize Transcriptome Unintended effects Expression profileAbbreviations
- cDNA
Complementary DNA
- CRM
Certified reference material
- E
Efficiency
- EBI
European Bioinformatics Institute
- EFSA
European Food Safety Authority
- EU
European Union
- FAO/WHO
Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization
- GM
Genetically Modified
- GMO
Genetically Modified Organism
- IRMM
Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
- ISAAA
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications
- mRNA
messenger RNA
- OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- real-time RT-PCR
Reverse transcription—real-time polymerase chain reaction
- RMA
Robust Multichip Average
- rRNA
ribosomal RNA
- V2
Vegetative two-leaf stage
Notes
Acknowledgements
We specially thank Prof. E. Montesinos (INTEA, UdG) for critically reading of the manuscript. We thank R. Collado (UdG) and J.M. García-Cantalejo (Parque Científico de Madrid) for technical assistance; T. Esteve (CRAG), J. Serra and J. Salvia (E.E.A. Mas Badia) for valuable suggestions. This work was financially supported by the Spanish MEC project with ref. AGL2007-65903/AGR. AC received a studentship from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2005FI 00144).
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